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World Cultures > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Trojan War

A

-ancient legend, Mycenaeans fight 10 year war against Troy

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2
Q

Dorians

A

-sea raiders who attacked and burned Mycenaean cities, Dorians took over, no written record.

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3
Q

Homer

A

-blind storyteller wrote “Iliad” and “Odyssey”

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4
Q

epics

A

-poems celebrating heroic deeds- Homers “Illiad” and “Odyssey”

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5
Q

myths

A
  • traditional stories about gods

- “Theogeny” by Hesoid

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6
Q

Mycenaeans

A

-Indo Europeans, settled the Greek mainland. Leading city, Mycenae-fortified, rules by warrior King, controlled surrounding areas by Greece

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7
Q

polis

A
  • city-state
  • fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece
  • made up of a city and its surrounding countryside
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8
Q

acropolis

A
  • fortified hilltop in Athens

- citizens gathered to discuss city government

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9
Q

monarchy

A

-king rules the government

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10
Q

aristocracy

A

-noble, landowning families rule.

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11
Q

oligarchy

A

-rule by a few, powerful people

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12
Q

tyrant

A
  • nobles or wealthy
  • citizens would sometimes seize power with the support of the common people
  • generally not harsh or cruel, worked for the ordinary people
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13
Q

democracy

A

-rule by the people

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14
Q

helot

A

-peasants forced to stay on the land that they worked on

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15
Q

phalanx

A

-hoplites(Greek foot soldiers) stood side by side, spear and shield in hand, formed a phalanx

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16
Q

Persian wars

A
  • war between Greece and Persian Empire

- Greeks were well-trained, eventually drove Persians out of surrounding territory.

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17
Q

direct democracy

A

-citizens rule directly, not through representatives

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18
Q

classical art

A

-portray ideal beauty-harmony, order, balance, and proportion.

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19
Q

tragedy

A

-serious drama about common themes (love hate war betrayal)

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20
Q

comedy

A

-opposite of tragedy, used crude humor, mocking

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21
Q

Peloponnesian War

A
  • war between Athens(stronger army) and Sparta (stronger navy)
  • Sparta won
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22
Q

Philosopher

A
  • “lover of wisdom”
  • universe put together in an orderly manner, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
  • people can understand these laws through logic and reason.
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23
Q

Socrates

A
  • critic of the Sophists(group of philosophers), believed in absolute standards
  • he questioned the moral character
24
Q

Plato

A

-student of Socrates, ideas dominated Europeans thoughts

25
Q

Aristotle

A

-student of Plato, philosopher and who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge.

26
Q

Phillip 2

A
  • King of Macedonia, turned Macedonian peasants into a well trained army, 16 X 16 foot phalanx, 18 ft pike
  • ended Greece’s independence
27
Q

Macedonia

A
  • kingdom, located north of Greece

- rough terrain and cold climate

28
Q

Alexander the Great

A
  • King of Macedonia after Phillip II
  • skilled general
  • conquered Persia
29
Q

Darius III

A

-Persian King, raised huge army between 50k and 75k soldiers(Alexander still conquered Persia)

30
Q

Hellenistic

A

-Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences.

31
Q

Alexandria

A
  • center of commerce and of Hellenistic culture

- has a spacious harbor, Alexander’s tomb, museum

32
Q

Euclid

A
  • wrote “elements” book on geometry

- mathematician in Alrxandria

33
Q

Archimedes

A
  • Hellenistic scientist who studied in Alexandria
  • estimated value of pi
  • made Archimedes screw and compound pulley
34
Q

Colossus of Rhodes

A
  • largest known Hellenistic statue
  • bronze, stood more than 100 ft
  • one of the 7 ancient wonders of the world
35
Q

democracy

A

-rule by the people

36
Q

helot

A

-peasants forced to stay on the land that they worked on

37
Q

phalanx

A

-hoplites(Greek foot soldiers) stood side by side, spear and shield in hand, formed a phalanx

38
Q

Persian wars

A

-war between Greece and Persian Empire

39
Q

direct democracy

A

-citizens rule directly, not through representatives

40
Q

classical art

A

-portray ideal beauty-harmony, order, balance, and proportion.

41
Q

tragedy

A

-serious drama about common themes (love hate war betrayal)

42
Q

comedy

A

-opposite of tragedy, used crude humor, mocking

43
Q

Peloponnesian War

A
  • war between Athens(stronger army) and Sparta (stronger navy)
  • Sparta won
44
Q

Philosopher

A
  • “lover of wisdom”
  • universe put together in an orderly manner, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
  • people can understand these laws through logic and reason.
45
Q

Socrates

A
  • critic of the Sophists(group of philosophers), believed in absolute standards
  • he questioned the moral character
46
Q

Plato

A

-student of Socrates, ideas dominated Europeans thoughts

47
Q

Aristotle

A

-student of Plato, philosopher and who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge.

48
Q

Phillip 2

A
  • King of Macedonia, turned Macedonian peasants into a well trained army, 16 X 16 foot phalanx, 18 ft pike
  • ended Greece’s independence
49
Q

Macedonia

A
  • kingdom, located north of Greece

- rough terrain and cold climate

50
Q

Alexander the Great

A
  • King of Macedonia after Phillip II
  • skilled general
  • conquered Persia
51
Q

Darius III

A

-Persian King, raised huge army between 50k and 75k soldiers(Alexander still conquered Persia)

52
Q

Hellenistic

A

-Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences.

53
Q

Alexandria

A
  • center of commerce and of Hellenistic culture

- has a spacious harbor, Alexander’s tomb, museum

54
Q

Euclid

A
  • wrote “elements” book on geometry

- mathematician in Alrxandria

55
Q

Archimedes

A
  • Hellenistic scientist who studied in Alexandria
  • estimated value of pi
  • made Archimedes screw and compound pulley
56
Q

Colossus of Rhodes

A
  • largest known Hellenistic statue
  • bronze, stood more than 100 ft
  • one of the 7 ancient wonders of the world

World Cultures (12 decks)

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