Chapter 5

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

A structured system of symbols for communicating meaning

Question 2

Meaning

Answer 2

The sense that people extract from a message

Question 3

Verbal

Answer 3

Having to do with oral or written words

Question 4

Symbol

Answer 4

Arbitrary labels

Users of a language give those labels meaning

Question 5

Onomatopoeia

Answer 5

A word formed by imitating the sound of its meaning

Question 6

Phonological rules

Answer 6

Correct pronunciation of a word

Question 7

Syntactic rules

Answer 7

Ordering of words within phrases

Question 8

Semantic rules

Answer 8

The meaning of individual words

Question 9

Pragmatic rules

Answer 9

Interpretation of statements

Question 10

Denotative meaning

Answer 10

A word’s literal meaning or dictionary definition

Question 11

Ambiguous

Answer 11

Having more than one meaning

Question 12

Vague

Answer 12

Not clear in meaning or expression, inexplicit

Question 13

Superstition

Answer 13

The mistaken belief that words have a precise meaning

Meaning is done by people not words

Question 14

Linguistic determinism

Answer 14

Language that determines what can and cannot see or think or image

Question 15

Linguistic relativity

Answer 15

Speakers of different language will experience the world differently

Question 16

What do naming practices vary by?

Answer 16

Sex, ethnicity religions and sex

Question 17

What assumptions do we make on the basis of name?

Answer 17

We assume on their sex or ethnicity

Question 18

Persuasion

Answer 18

The process of moving people to think or act a certain way

Question 19

Ethos

Answer 19

Rely speaker’s respectability, trustworthiness and moral character

Question 20

Pathos

Answer 20

Rely on the listeners’ emotions

Question 21

Logos

Answer 21

Rely on listerners’ ability to reason

Question 22

Reason

Answer 22

To make judgments about the world based on evidence rather than emotion or intuition

Question 23

Credibility

Answer 23

The extent to which others perceive us to be competent and trustworthy

Question 24

Cliches

Answer 24

Overused phrases

Question 25

Dialects

Answer 25

Language variations based on region or social clas

Question 26

Equivocation

Answer 26

Strategic ambiguity

Question 27

Weasel words

Answer 27

Deliberate misleading by implication

Question 28

Allness statements

Answer 28

Sweeping generalizations that claims are true without exception

Question 29

Euphemisms

Answer 29

Vague, mild expression symbolizing something more harsh or blunt The way to talk about sensitive topics

Question 30

What can humor do?

Answer 30

Humor violates the expectations and can be either harmful or helpful to a conversation

Question 31

Profanity

Answer 31

Rude or Obscene Language

Question 32

Hate speech

Answer 32

A form of profanity meant to degrade or intimate people based on characteristics

Question 33

Shared knowledge error

Answer 33

Presuming listeners have information they don't have

Question 34

Shared opinion error

Answer 34

Assuming listeners share your opinion

Question 35

Monopolization error

Answer 35

Doing most of the talking