Chapter 5

Question 1

1. What can be in a Bullous or Nonbullous and has an increased prevalence in HIV, Type 2 DM or Dialysis?
2. What are the differences between the bullous or nonbullous?
3. What is caused by?

Answer 1

1. Impetigo
2. • Bullous:
     • Seen more commonly in infants
     • Can lead to meningitis and pneumonia.
     • Superficial vesicles rapidly enlarge to form larger, flaccid bullae. Bullae usually rupture and develop a thin brown crust called “Lacquer”.
   • Nonbullous:
     • More prevalent, most frequently occurs on legs.
     • Facial lesions are around nose and mouth.
     • Seen in school-aged children mostly. (Contagious)
     • Amber colored crusts
     • Pruritus is common; itching causes spread
     • Treatment is typically topical antibiotics
3. Streptococcus pyogenes & Staphylococcus aureus

Question 2

What is also known as “Strep throat” and can be caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, influenza and Epstein-Barr virus?

Answer 2

Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis

Question 3

What is diagnosed by throat culture and treatment is Penicillin? What are the 4 sequelae of this?

Answer 3

1. Streptococcal pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
2. o Scarlet Fever
   o Rheumatic fever
   o Rheumatic heart disease
   o Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 4

1. What is a white strawberry tongue – white coating with only visible fungiform papillae within the first 2 days and red strawberry tongue – erythematous dorsal surface with hyperplastic fungiform papillae within the first 4-5 days?
2. What is a rash in areas of pressure and skin folds presenting as transverse red streaks also seen with this?
3. Is this bacterial or viral and what causes it?

Answer 4

1. Scarlet Fever
2. Pastia’s lines
3. Bacterial: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.

Question 5

1. What are pharyngeal tonsillar crypts which are filled with desquamated keratin and foreign material, which become colonized with bacteria and become calcified? (Keratin –> Bacteria)
2. What are these called when calcified?
3. How do you get rid of them?
4. What bacteria causes this?

Answer 5

1. Tonsillar Concretions -OR- Tonsillolithiasis
2. Tonsillolith
3. o At home treatments:
   - Gargle warm salt water
   - Use pulsating jets of water
   o In-office treatments:
   - Enucleation
   - Local excision
   - Tonsillectomy is definitive
4. Actinomyces spp.

Question 6

1. What is an infection where humans are sole reservoir, affects mucosal tissues first, tissue necrosis and cardiac complications and causes a lethal exotoxin produced by the bacteria?
2. What bacteria causes this?

Answer 6

1. Diphtheria

2. Cornebacterium diphtheriae

Question 7

1. What is characterized by the Chancre that develops at the site of inoculation (primary), painless lymphadenopathy (secondary) and Gumma (tertiary)?
2. What bacteria is it caused by?

Answer 7

1. Syphilis (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)

2. Treponema pallidum

Question 8

What causes Hutchinson’s triad, Hutchinson’s incisors, and Mulberry molars?

Answer 8

Congenital Syphilis

Question 9

1. What is the most common reportable infectious disease in the U.S., and causes purulent discharge and dysuria?
2. What is it caused by?

Answer 9

1. Gonorrhea

2. Neisseria gonnorhoeae

Question 10

1. What is acid fast bacillus that is an immunodeficiency, spreads through airborne droplets, and histologically looks like granulomas with central areas of necrosis?
2. What is this called when found on skin?
3. What is a is a form of myobacterial infection caused by drinking contaminated milk?
4. What is it caused by?

Answer 10

1. Tuberculosis
2. Lupus vulgaris
3. Scrofula
4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 11

1. What is a chronic infectious disease where an armadillo is a host?
2. What causes it?

Answer 11

1. Leprosy

2. Mycobacterium leprae

Question 12

1. What is an opportunistic infection in which measles most frequently precedes development, frequently begins as NUG, and has zones of necrosis develop in gingiva or soft tissue?
2. What two things cause this?

Answer 12

1. Noma (95% mortality if untreated)
2. o Fusobacterium necrophorum
   o Prevotella intermedia

Question 13

1. What is a suppurative reaction of infection may discharge yellow material and represent colonies of bacteria; termed sulfur granules?
2. What causes this?

Answer 13

1. Actinomycosis

2. Actinomyces israelii

Question 14

1. What begins in the skin; classically spreads to adjacent lymph nodes, arises after contact with a domestic cat or kitten?
2. What is it caused by?

Answer 14

1. Cat-Scratch Disease

2. Bartonella henselae

Question 15

1. What is usually caused by blockage of the ostiomeatal complex, is predisposed by an allergic rhinitis or upper respiratory tract viral infection, has increased pain when head is upright, and sinus is cloudy with increased density on radiograph?
2. If it becomes chronic, what is it called?

Answer 15

1. Sinusitis

2. Antrolith