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Flashcards in Chapter 5 Deck (33)
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1
Q

Receptor Cells

A

Specialized cell that responds to a particular energy or substance in the internal or external environments and converts the energy into an electrical potential across its membrane

2
Q

Labeled LInes

A

Concept that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular type of information

3
Q

Generator Potential

A

local change in the resting potential of a receptor cell in response to a stimuli (may initiate an action potential)

4
Q

Sensory Transduction

A

Process in which a receptor cell converts the energy in a stimulus into a change in the electrical potential across its membrane

5
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

“lamelated corpuscle” skin receptor cell that detects vibration and pressure

6
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle

A

“tactile corpuscle” skin receptor cell that detects light touch, responds to changes in stimuli

7
Q

Merkel’s disc

A

Skin receptor cell that detects light touch, responding to edges and isolated points on a surface

8
Q

Ruffini Corpuscle

A

skin receptor cell that detects stretching of the skin

9
Q

Free nerve ending

A

axon that terminates in the skin and has no specialized cell association with it. Detect pain and/or changes in temperature.

10
Q

Somatosensory system

A

Set of specialized receptors and neural mechanisms responsible for body sensations such as touch and pain

11
Q

Receptive field

A

Stimulus region and features that affect the activity of a cell in a sensory system

12
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Loss of receptor response as a stimulation is maintained

13
Q

Phasic Receptor

A

Receptor in which the frequency of action potentials drops as the stimulation is maintained

14
Q

Tonic Receptor

A

Receptor in which the frequency of action potentials declines slowly or not at all as the stimulation is maintained

15
Q

Central modulation of sensory information

A

Process in which higher brain centers such as the cortex and thalamus, suppress some sources of sensory information and amplify others

16
Q

Dorsal Column System

A

Somatosensory system that delivers most touch stimuli via the dorsal columns of spinal white matter to the brain

17
Q

Dermatome

A

Strip of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve

18
Q

Primary sensory cortex

A

region of cortex that receives most of the information about a certain sense from the thalamus

19
Q

Nonprimary sensory cortex

A

“secondary sensory cortex” receive direct projects from the primary sensory cortex for a certain sense

20
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe where sensory inputs from the body surface are mapped

21
Q

Polymodal neuron

A

Neuron where more than one sensory system converges

22
Q

Synesthesia

A

Condition in which the stimuli in one modality evoke the involuntary experience of an additional sensation in another modality.

23
Q

Nociceptors

A

pain receptors, activated by different chemicals

24
Q

Transient Receptor Potential 1 and 2 and A delta fibers/C fibers

A

1 - report rise in temperature to warn us of danger, starts around 90 degrees F
2 - detects even higher temperature receptors startin gat around 122 degrees F
TRP2 are found on A delta fibers which are large in diameter and myelinated
TRP1 receptors consist of the thin and un-myelinated fibers called C fibers.

25
Q

Anterolateral system

A

“spinothalamic system” A somatosensory system that carries most of the pain information from the body to the brain

26
Q

Substance P

A

Peptide transmitter that is involve in pain transmission

27
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain that persists long after the injury that started it has healed

28
Q

Cingulate Cortex

A

where pain information is eventually integrated. The extent of activation correlates to how much discomfort people experience. Parts become activated with emotional and physical pain

29
Q

Analgesia

A

to reduce or get rid of pain. Most dominant model is the gate control theory that closes spinal gates and block plain

30
Q

Endorphin

A

Endogenous opioids

31
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

delivery of electrical pulses though electrodes attached to the skin, which excites nerves that supply the region to which pain is referred

32
Q

Naloxone

A

potent antagonist of opiates that is often administered to people who have taken drug overdoses. Binds to receptors for endogenous opioids.

33
Q

Pain Relief (Psychogenics, pharmacological, stimulation)

A

Psychogenic-placebo, hypnosis, stress, cognitive
Pharmacological-opiates, spinal block, anti-inflammatory, drugs, cannabinoids
Stimulation-TENS, acupuncture,central gray