Chapter 5

Question 1

What makes up the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 1

The epidermis and the dermis

Question 2

What makes up the dermis?

Answer 2

The papillary layer and the reticular layer

Question 3

What are the three layers of skin?

Answer 3

The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

Question 4

What are the two major components of the integumentary system?

Answer 4

the cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

Question 5

What are some of the accessory structures found in the integumentary system?

Answer 5

1. hair shaft 2. pore of sweat gland duct 3. tactile (meissner’s corpuscle) 4. sebaceous gland 5. arrector pili muscle 6. sweat gland duct 7. hair follicle 8. lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles 9. nerve fibers 10. sweat glands

Question 6

What are different types of sensory receptors found in the integumentary system?

Answer 6

Merkel discs (touch) free nerve endings (detect many stimuli) Meissner corpuscles (touch) hair root plexuses (touch) Pacinian corpuscles (pressure)

Question 7

The dermis is made up of what two kinds of connective tissue?

Answer 7

areolar dense irregular

Question 8

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer? (aka hypodermis)

Answer 8

attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs

Question 9

What are lines of cleavage?

Answer 9

Collagen and elastin that run in parallel bundles across the body and are arranged to resist stretch during movement

Question 10

What are some characteristics of hair?

Answer 10

-Present on most surfaces except the palms, anterior surfaces of fingers, and the soles of the feet. -Composed of dead, keratinized epidermal cells. -Genetics determines thickness and distribution.

Question 11

What does hair do for the body?

Answer 11

Hair helps with touch sensations and protects the body against the harmful effects of the sun and against heat loss

Question 12

Hair and skin color is determined by the amount and type of _____

Answer 12

melanin

Question 13

What are the two variations of melanin?

Answer 13

-Eumelanin (brown to black) -Pheomelanin (yellow to red)

Question 14

What are Arrector pili?

Answer 14

-smooth muscle -responds to Emotional/Physiologic stress (cold, fright) causes muscle to contract and pull hair perpendicular to skin (causes goosebumps)

Question 15

What is sebum?

Answer 15

An oily substance secreted from sebaceous glands.

Question 16

What does sebum do for the body?

Answer 16

-Prevents dehydration of hair and skin -Inhibits growth of certain bacteria

Question 17

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 17

-Merocrine (eccrine) -Apocrine

Question 18

What is the most common type of sweat gland in the body?

Answer 18

Merocrine

Question 19

What is the function of merocrine glands? And what happens when they are produced?

Answer 19

They secrete a watery solution that helps to cool the body and eliminates small amounts of waste. -Electrolytes lost here -Some antibacterial action

Question 20

Where is the location of apocrine glands? And what happens when they are produced?

Answer 20

Located mainly in the skin of the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded facial regions (males only) -They secrete a slightly viscous sweat (responsible for B.O.) -Influenced by hormones

Question 21

Why is a bag full of lacrosse gloves smelly?

Answer 21

Merocrine glands

Question 22

Is a hair follicle an organ unto itself?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Is a sweat gland an organ unto itself?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

The integument is the largest organ in the body? T/F

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Where is the thickest skin found on your body?

Answer 25

heel 4 mm

Question 26

Where is the thinnest skin found on your body?

Answer 26

eyelids

Question 27

How much skin does the average human lose per year?

Answer 27

one kg (approx 2.2 lbs)

Question 28

What are some of the functions of the skin?

Answer 28

-Protection -Regulation of body temperature -Sensory perceptions -Synthesis of vitamin D (with help from sunlight, kidneys and liver) -Emotional expression -It also serves as an important reservoir of blood.

Question 29

How does the skin play a role in vitamin D production?

Answer 29

Cholesterol-like molecule in the skin that gets activated by sunlight, changes forms to an inactive version of vitamin D and then it travels through the blood to the liver where it is changed to another inactive form of vitamin D and then it is sent to the kidneys for processing and turns into vitamin D.

Question 30

What do the epidermal ridges attach to?

Answer 30

dermal papilla

Question 31

What is shown by box 1 in the picture?

Answer 31

epidermis

Question 32

What is shown by box 2 in the picture?

Answer 32

epidermal ridge

Question 33

What is shown by box 3 in the picture?

Answer 33

dermal papilla

Question 34

What is shown by box 4 in the picture?

Answer 34

dermis

Question 35

The epidermis is comprised of what type of epithelial tissue?

Answer 35

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 36

What are the four types of cells found in keratinized stratified squamous?

Answer 36

- Keratinocytes - Melanocytes - Langerhans cells - Merkel cells

Question 37

Anywhere that your body has thin skin, you have the ability to grow hair. T/F?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Anywhere that you have thick skin, you can grown hair. T/F?

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Melanin is produced by what?

Answer 39

melanocytes

Question 40

Everyone has approximately the same number of melanocytes. T/F?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Melanocytes function by using melanin to shield ______ from \_\_\_\_\_\_?

Answer 41

Melanocytes function by using melanin to shield the nuclei of surrounding cells from UV radiation.

Question 42

skin color is a combination of what three things?

Answer 42

- blood flow to the skin - how much melanin production you have - how much carotene you have/ can absorb