Chapter 5 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Ankyloglossia
A
Extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth or the lingual aspect of the anterior portion of the mandible.
2
Q
Ankylosed Teeth
A
Teeth that are fused to the alveolar bone; a condition especially common with retained deciduous teeth.
3
Q
Anodontia
A
Congenital lack of teeth.
4
Q
Anomaly
A
Marked deviation from normal, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defects.
5
Q
Commissure
A
The site of union of corresponding parts. (corners of lips)
6
Q
Concrescence
A
In dentistry, a condition in which two adjacent teeth become united by cementum.
7
Q
Congenital Disorder
A
A disorder that is present at or existing from the time of birth.
8
Q
Cyst
A
An abnormal sac or cavity lined by epithelium and surrounded by fibrous connective tissue.
9
Q
Dens in Dente
A
“A tooth within a tooth”; a developmental anomaly that results when the enamel organ invaginates into the crown of a tooth before mineralization.
10
Q
Dentinogenesis
A
The formation of dentin.
11
Q
Differentiation
A
The distinguishing of one tissue from another.
12
Q
Dilaceration
A
An abnormal bend or curve, as in the root of a tooth.
13
Q
Fusion
A
The union of two adjacent tooth germs.
14
Q
Gemination
A
“Twinning”; when a single tooth germ attempts to divide, resulting in the incomplete formation of two teeth; the tooth usually has a single root and root canal.
15
Q
Hypodontia
A
Partial anodontia; the lack of one or more teeth.
16
Q
Hypercementosis
A
Excessive cementum on the roots of teeth.
17
Q
Impacted Teeth
A
Teeth that cannot erupt into the oral cavity because of a physical obstruction.
18
Q
Macrodontia
A
Abnormally Large Teeth
19
Q
Macrognathia
A
Enlarged Jaw
20
Q
Microdontia
A
Abnormally small teeth
21
Q
Multilocular
A
A radiographic appearance in which many circular radiolucencies exist; these can appear “soap bubble-like” or “honeycomb-like”.
22
Q
Nodule
A
A small solid mass that can be detected through touch.
23
Q
Oligodontia
A
A subcategory of hypodontia in which six or more teeth are missing.
24
Q
Predilection
A
A disposition in favor of something; preference.
25
Proliferation
The multiplication of cells.
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Stomodeum
The embryonic invagination that becomes the oral cavity.
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Supernumerary
In excess of the normal or regular number, as in teeth.
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A failure during the process of cell division and differentiation into various tissues and structures that may be identified clinically, radiographically, biopsy, or histologic examination is called what?
A Developmental Disorder
29
This is caused by an abnormality in genetic makeup and may be passed down to offspring?
Inherited Disorder
| Example: Dwarfism
30
This is present at birth and may be inherited or developmental and causes are unknown?
Congenital Dosorder
| Example: Down Syndrome
31
Most structures of the face develop from which two embryonic structures?
1. Frontal Process
| 2. 1st branchial arch
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Where is the frontal process located?
above the stomodeum
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Where is the 1st brachial arch located?
Below the stomodeum
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What happens during the third week of embryonic life?
The ectoderm infolds (folds down) to form the stomodeum, the primitive oral cavity.
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What happens during the 4th week of embryonic life?
The two olefactory pits develop on the frontal process.
36
The two olefactory pits divide the frontal process into which three parts?
1. The median nasal process
2. The right lateral nasal process
3. The left lateral nasal process
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What does the Median Nasal Process form?
the center and tip of the nose, nasal septum, globular process.
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What does the Lateral Nasal Process form?
The sides of the nose and infraorbital area.
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What is the Globular process form?
Philtrum and Premaxilla
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What are the divisions of the 1st brachial arch?
1. Maxillary Process
| 2. Mandibular Process
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What does the Maxillary Process form?
the lateral palatine processes, upper cheek, and sides of upper lip.
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What does the Mandibular Process form?
The mandible, chin, lower lip, and anterior 2.3 of the tongue.
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How does the philtrum form?
The median nasal process grows downward between the maxillary processes to form the globular process.
44
The premaxilla forms from what?
The globular process
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The Lateral Palatine Processes form from what?
the maxillary process
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The lateral palatine processes fuse with what to form the Y-shaped pattern?
The Premaxilla
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The anterior 2/3rds of the tongue develops from what?
The first brachial arch
48
The posterior 1/3rd of the tongue forms from what?
the 2nd and 3rd brachial arches
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When do the facial structures begin to form?
3 weeks gestation
50
When is the upper lip complete during embryo?
6-8 weeks
51
How does the upper lip form?
the median nasal process fuses with the right and left maxillary processes.
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When and how does the Palate develop?
between 6-12 weeks by the fusion of the globular process (premaxilla) with the right and left palatal shelves.
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How do embryonic processes fuse?
From anterior to Posterior
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How do clefts form?
When the processes fail to fuse completely
55
When do most abnormalities occur?
1st Trimester
56
What is Odontogenesis?
Tooth Formation
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When does tooth development take place?
about the 5th week of life
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What does the development of the teeth involve?
the ectoderm and the ectomesenchyme
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What does the development of the teeth begin with?
The formation in each jaw of a band of ectoderm called the primary dental lamina. Ten small knoblike proliferations develop on the primary dental lamina in each jaw. Each extends into the underlying mesenchyme.
60
What are the three parts of a tooth germ?
1. Enamel Organ
2. Dental Papilla
3. Dental sac or follicle
61
After the dentin is produced, the dental papilla is called what?
Dental Pulp
62
What is the product of the enamel organ?
Enamel
63
What is Amelogenesis?
Formation of enamel
64
What is Enamel?
Highly mineralized epithelial tissue, 90% of its volume is occupied by hydroxyapatite crystals.
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What forms the Cementum, the PDL, and alveolar bone?
Dental sac or follicle
66
When does cementogenesis occur?
After crown formation is complete
67
What shapes the root and induces root dentin?
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
68
When is root length complete?
1 to 4 years after eruption
69
When is cementum produced?
after tooth eruption, when the tooth is in occlusion and functioning.
70
Ankyloglossia
- An extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
- Treatment: Frenectomy
71
Commissural Lip Pits
- Epithelium-lined blind tracts located at the corners of the mouth (commissure).
- Treatment: None
72
Lingual Thyroid
-A small mass of thyroid tissue located on the tongue.
-Results from the failure of the primitive thyroid tissue to migrate from its developmental location in the area of the foramen cecum on the posterior portion of the tongue to its normal position in the neck.
Treatment:may be removed if obstructive, provided the patient has other functioning thyroid tissue.
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Developmental Cysts
-An abnormal fluid-filled epithelium-lined sac or cavity.
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What is the most common oral cyst?
```
Radicular cyst (periodical cyst)
-Residual Cyst when tooth is removed
```
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What are the classification of developmental cyst?
Odontogenic and nonodontogenic
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Developmental Cysts can cause what?
Expansion of bone
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Intraosseous Cysts
Occurs in the bone (central)
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Extraosseous Cysts
Occurs in the soft tissue (peripheral)
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Cyst in bone generally appear how?
Well-cicrumscribed radiolucencies and may be unilocular or multilocular
80
Periapical Cyst (Radicular Cyst)
- Appears at the apex of a necrotic tooth
- Well-defined unilocular radiolucency; Asymptomatic
- Most common cyst of the jaw
- Treatment: Extraction or root canal therapy.
81
Where does Dentigerous Cyst form?
Around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth.
82
Where does the epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst originate from?
the reduced enamel epithelium after the crown has formed and calcified.
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What is another name for a dentigerous cyst?
Follicular cyst
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Where do Dentigerous cyst most commonly occur?
Around the crown of an unerupted or impacted third molar.
85
How does a dentigerous cyst look radiographically?
well-defined, unilocular radiolucency.
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Histologic of a dentigerous cyst
The lumen is most characteristically lined with cuboidal epithelium surrounded by a wall of connective tissue.
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What is the treatment of a dentigerous cyst?
Removal of the cyst.
| -There is some risk of cystic transformation into a neoplasm.
88
Eruption Cyst
- Similar to a dentigerous cyst
- Found in the soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth.
- Treatment: None
89
Primordial Cyst
- Develops in place of a tooth.
- Most commonly in place of a third molar.
- Most often seen in young adults and discovered on radiographic examination.
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Histologic of a Primordial Cyst
The lumen is lined by stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by parallel bundles of collagen fibers. It may. prove to be an odontogenic keratocyst or a lateral periodontal cyst.
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Treatment of a Primordial Cyst
- Surgical Removal
| - The risk of recurrence depends on the diagnosis.
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Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)
- Histologic: The lumen is lined by epithelium that is 8 to 10 cell layers thick and surfaced by parakeratin.
- Most commonly seen in third molar region.
- Can move teeth and cause resorption.
- Treatment: Because of the high recurrence rate, surgical excision and osseous curettage are recommended.
- Radiographic: Well-defined, multilocular radiolucency lesion.
- HIGH RECURRENCE RATE!!
93
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC) also called as Gorlin Cyst
- A nonaggressive, cystic lesion lined by odontogenic epithelium.
- Closely resembles an ameloblastoma.
- Has a characteristic feature called GHOST CELLS**
- Does not destroy bone.
94
Where are Gorlin Cyst most commonly seen?
The canine or premolar regions
95
What is the average age of diagnosis for a Gorlin Cyst?
Age 30
96
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
- Most often seen in the mandibular cuspid and premolar region.
- An asymptomatic, unilocular or multilocular radolucent lesion on the lateral surface of a tooth root.
97
Nasopalatine Canal Cyst (Incisive Canal Cyst)
- Located within the nasopalatine canal or the incisive papilla.
- usually Asymptomatic
- May see a small, pink bulge near the apices and between the roots of the maxillary central incisors on the lingual surface.
98
Who do you most commonly see Nasopalatine Canal cyst in?
- Males
| - 40-60 years old
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Nasopalatine Canal Cyst Radiographically
- a well-defined, radiolucent lesion.
| - May be oval or HEART SHAPED!!*
100
Nasopalatine Canal Cyst Histologic
Lined by epithelium varying from stratified squamous to pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
101
Nasopalatine Canal Cyst Treatment
Surgical Excision
102
Median Palatine Cyst
- Well-defined, Unilocular Radiolucency
- Located in the midline of the hard palate
- Histologic: Lined with stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissue.
- Treatment: Surgical Removal
103
Globulomaxillary Cyst
- A well-defined inverted pear-shaped radiolucency.
- Located between the roots of the maxillary lateral incisors and cuspids.
- Treatment: Surgical Removal
104
Nasolabial Cyst
- A soft tissue cyst
- Thought to originate from the lower anterior portion of the nasolacimal duct.
- An expansion or swelling in the mucobuccal fold in the area of the maxillary canine and the floor of the nose.
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Predilection of nasolabial cyst
- Observed in adults 40 to 50 years of age
| - 4:1 ratio in favor of females
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Histologic of Nasolabial Cyst
lined with pseudo stratified, ciliated columnar epithelium and multiple goblet cells.
107
Treatment of Nasolabial Cyst
Surgical Excision
108
Dermoid Cyst
- A developmental cyst often present at birth or noted in young children.
- Usually found in floor of the mouth when it is located in the oral cavity.
- May cause tongue displacement.
- May have a doughy consistency when palpated.
109
Thyroglossal Tract (duct) Cyst
Forms along the tract the thyroid gland follows in development.
110
Who do you usually see Thyroglossal Cyst in?
```
Young individuals (<20 years of age)
No sex predilection
```
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Treatment of Thyroglossal Cyst
Excision of the cyst and tract
112
What does Pseudocysts mean?
Not a true cyst because they are NOT lined by epithelium
113
What are the 3 types of Pseudocysts?
1. Static bone cyst
2. Simple bone cyst
3. Aneurysmal bone cyst
114
Stafne Defect
- A pseudocyst
- Not a pathologic cavity
- Clinically: An anatomic depression on the posterior lingual area of the mandible.
- Treatment: None
115
Stafne Defect Radiographically
well-defined, cystlike radiolucency present in the posterior region of the mandible INFERIOR TO THE MANDIBLE CANAL.
116
Simple Bone Cyst
- A pathologic cavity in bone that is not lined with epithelium.
- May be associated with trauma.
- Radiographically: well-defined, unilocular or multilocular radiolucency. Shows scalloping around the roots of teeth.
- Treatment: Curettage on the all lining the void.
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Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
- A pseudocyst
| - Consists of blood-filled spaces surrounded by nucleated giant cells and fibrous connective tissue.
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Radiographic Aneurysmal Cyst
Multilocular appearance: "Honeycomb," "Soap Bubble"
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Who do you usually see Aneurysmal Cyst in?
Persons less than 30 years old
| Slight predilection for females
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Treatment for Aneurysmal Cyst
Surgical Excision
