Chapter 5 part 2 Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
Different abnormalities in numbers of teeth
A
- Anodontia
- Hypodontia
- Supernumerary teethh
2
Q
What is anodontia?
A
- The Congenital lack of teeth
- Total anodontia is lack of teeth
3
Q
What can anodontia be associated with?
A
Ectodermal Dysplasia
4
Q
What is Hypodontia?
A
- The lack of one or more teeth.
- Tends to be familial
- May be a component of a syndrome.
5
Q
What are the most commonly missing permanent teeth?
A
- Mandibular and maxillary third molars
- Maxillary lateral incisors
- Mandibular second molars
6
Q
What is the most commonly missing deciduous tooth?
A
Mandibular Incisor
7
Q
What is the treatment of hypodontia?
A
- May require prosthetic replacement
- Orthodontic evaluation and treatment may be necessary.
8
Q
What are supernumerary teeth?
A
- Extra teeth
- May occur in deciduous or permanent dentition.
- May result from formation of extra tooth buds in the dental lamina or from the cleavage of already existing tooth buds.
9
Q
Where are supernumerary teeth usually found?
A
In the maxilla
10
Q
What are the two types of supernumerary teeth?
A
- Mesiodens
- Distomolar
11
Q
What is the most common supernumerary tooth?
A
Mesioden
12
Q
Where is a mesioden located?
A
Between the maxillary incisors. May be inverted when seen on radiographs.
13
Q
What is a distomolar?
A
- The second most common supernumerary tooth.
- Located distal to the third molar.
14
Q
What is the treatment if supernumerary Teeth?
A
- Erupted teeth may require removal if they cause crowding, malposition of adjacent teeth, or noneruption of normal teeth.
- Nonerupted teeth should be extracted because a risk exists for cyst development around the crown.
15
Q
What is multiple supernumerary teeth associated with?
A
Cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner syndrome.
16
Q
Abnormalities in the size of teeth
A
- Microdontia
- Macrodontia
17
Q
What is Microdontia?
A
- One or more teeth is (are) smaller than normal.
- Microdontia involving a single tooth is far more common.
18
Q
What are the most commonly involved microdontia teeth?
A
Maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary third molar
19
Q
True Generalized Microdontia
A
Seen in a pituitary dwarf; all teeth are smaller than normal.
20
Q
Generalized Relative Microdontia
A
Normal size teeth appear small in a large jaw
21
Q
What is Macrodontia?
A
One or more teeth are larger than normal
22
Q
True Generalized Macrodontia
A
Seen in cases of pituitary gigantism
23
Q
Relative Generalized Macrodontia
A
Large teeth in a small jaw
24
Q
Macrodontia affecting a single tooth
A
May be seen in cases of facial hemihypertrophy
25
What is Gemination?
- A single tooth germ attempts to divide in two.
- Appears as two crowns joined together by a notched incisal area.
- Radiographically: usually one single root and one common pulp canal exist.
- The patient has a full complement of teeth.
26
What is Fusion?
- The union of two normally separate adjacent tooth germs.
- Appears as a single large crown that occurs in place of two normal teeth.
- Radiographically: either separate or fused roots and root canals are seen.
- The patient typically has one less tooth.
27
What is Hypercementosis?
- Excessive cementum on the roots of the teeth,
- Occurs in adults; incidence and amount increase with age.
- Feature associated with several local and systemic factors.
- No Treatment Necessary
28
What is concrescences?
- Two adjacent teeth are united BY CEMENTUM.
| - Usually discovered on radiograph.
29
What is Dilaceration?
- An abnormal curve or bend in the root of a tooth.
- Usually discovered on radiograph.
- May cause a problem if the tooth must be removed or a root canal is performed.
30
What is an Enamel Pearl?
- A small, Spherical enamel projection on a root surface.
- Radiographically: it appears as a small, spherical radiopacity.
- Removal may be necessary if periodontal problems occur in the furcation.
31
Where are enamel pearls usually found?
On maxillary molars
32
What is Talon Cusp?
- An Accessory cusp located in the cingulum area of a maxillary or mandibular permanent incisor.
- Contains a pulp horn
- May interfere with occlusion.
33
What is Taurodontism?
- The teeth have elongated pulp chambers and short roots.
- May occur in both deciduous and permanent dentition.
- Identified on radiographs.
34
Dens in Dente is also known as what?
Dens Invaginatus
35
What is dens in dente?
- Occurs when the enamel organ invaginates into the crown of a tooth before mineralization.
- Radiographically: it appears as a toothlike structure within a tooth.
- Vulnerable to caries, plural infection, and necrosis.
- An accessory enamel cusp found on the occlusal tooth surface.
- May cause occlusal problems.
36
Where is dens in dente most commonly seen?
on mandibular premolars
37
What is Supernumerary Roots?
- May involve any tooth
| - May become clinically significant if removal or endodontia is necessary.
38
Where is supernumerary roots most commonly seen?
maxillary and mandibular third molars in multicoated teeth are involved.
39
Abnormalities of Tooth Structure
- Enamel Hypoplasia
- Enamel Hypocalcification
- endogenous staining of teeth
- Regional Odontodysplasia
40
What is Enamel Hypoplasia?
The incomplete or defective formation of enamel.
41
Enamel Hypoplasia may be due to what factors?
- Amelogenesis Imperfecta
- Febrile Illness (measles, Chickenpox, Scarlet fever)
- Vitamin Deficiency
- Infection of a deciduous tooth.
- Ingestion of fluoride
- Congenital syphilis
- Birth injury, premature birth
- idiopathic factors
42
Enamel Hypoplasia caused by febrile illness or vitamin deficiency
- Ameloblasts are one of the most sensitive cells groups in the body
- Any serious systemic disease or severe nutritional deficiency can produce enamel hypoplasia.
43
Enamel Hypoplasia resulting from Local Infection or Trauma
- Enamel hypoplasia of an adult tooth may result from infection of a deciduous tooth.
- A single tooth is usually affected; it is referred to as a Turner tooth.
- The color of the enamel may range from yellow to brown, or severe pitting and deformity may be involved.
44
Enamel Hypoplasia resulting from fluoride ingestion
- Affected teeth exhibit a mottled discoloration of enamel.
- Ingestion of water with two to three times the recommended amount of fluoride leads to white flecks and chalky opaque areas of enamel.
- Four times the recommended amount of fluoride causes brown or black staining.
45
Ename Hypoplasia resulting from congenital syphilis
-Congenital syphilis is transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus via the placenta.
46
What are the two types of teeth seen when congenital syphilis is transmitted?
- Hutchinson incisors
| - Mulberry Molars
47
What do Hutchinson Incisors look like?
Shaped like screwdrivers
48
What do Mulberry molar look like?
A berrylike appearance
49
Enamel Hypoplasia resulting from birth injury, premature birth, or idiopathic factors
- Enamel hypoplasia may occur as a result of trauma or injury at the time of birth.
- Even a mild illness or systemic problem can result in enamel hypoplasia
50
What is Enamel Hypocalcification?
- A developmental anomaly resulting in a disturbance in the maturation of the enamel matrix.
- usually appears as a chalky, white spot on the middle third of smooth crowns.
- The underlying enamel may be soft and susceptible to caries.
51
Endogenous staining of teeth
-The result of deposition of substances circulating systemically during tooth development.
52
Endogenous staining may be due to what?
- Tetracycline stain
- Erythroblastosis fetalis: Rh incompatibility.
- Neonatal liver disease
- Congenital porphyria: an inherited metabolic disease
53
What is regional odontodysplasia (Ghost Teeth)?
- exhibit a marked reduction in radiodensity and a characteristic ghostlike appearance.
- Very thin enamel and dentin are present
- Usually treated by extraction.
54
Abnormalities of tooth eruption
- IMPACTED TEETH cannot erupt because of an obstruction.
- EMBEDDED TEETH do not erupt because of lack of eruptive force.
- Ankylosed teeth
55
Impacted and Embedded Teeth
- Any tooth can be impacted
- Third-molar impactions are classified according to the position of the tooth.
- Teeth can be completely impacted in bone or they may be partially erupted.
- Partially impacted teeth are prone to infection.
56
Why should Impacted teeth be surgically removed?
to prevent odontogenic cyst and tumor formation or damage to adjacent teeth.
57
What is Ankylosed teeth?
Tooth cementum is fused to bone which prevent exfoliation of the deciduous tooth and eruption of the underlying adult tooth.
-Difficult to extract.
58
Ankylosed deciduous tooth
appears submerged and has a different sound when percussed
59
What is lacking on ankylosed teeth?
Periodontal ligament space
60
Why is removal of deciduous teeth necessary?
for eruption of the adult successor
61
Why may the removal of adult ankylosed teeth necessary?
to prevent malocclusion, caries, and periodontal disease.
