Chapter 5 Flashcards
the peculiarity of stuttering is ? and is one of the most ?
some of the worlds leading experts in stuttering were drawn to the field of SLP because
undeniable/identifiable comm. disorders
they themselves have a fluency disorder
fluency
disfluency
two primary fluency disorders
effortless flow of speech
a disruption or breakdown in the flow of speech
-stuttering and cluttering
types of fluency disorders developmental stuttering -stuttering is found to occur in? -occurs in every onset of stuttering occurs from involves ?
all lang.
1 out of every 100 indiv.
2-5 years of age
over/observable and covert/non observable behaviors
stuttering overt behaviors
interjection : umm, err sound/syllable repetition: bababababy word repetition: my my my phrase repetition audible sound prolongation: he went to rrrrrun inaudible sound prolongation (block) revision: I am from ch ch ..the windy city combination of any of the above
secondary behaviors
bodily movements:
psychosocial behaviors
facial grimaces
head movements
loss of eye contact
fear frustration embarrassment anger word avoidance
causes and risk factors stuttering results from ? predisposing factors -factors that make an individual ? -contributing about?
combo of factors (no single cause)
susceptible to a fluency disorder
-70% to likelihood of stuttering
-contributing about
developmental and environmental factors that can worsen stuttering
-30% to likelihood of stuttering
predisposing factors
family history: tends to run in ? suggesting ?
… have immediate family members who stutter; … have extended family members
families / a genetic component
50%/70%
predisposing factors 2:
gender
males 3 to 4 times more likely to be affected than females
predisposing factors 3:
processing ability:
additional impairments ? including a ?
may be caused by ?
likely to co-occur / lang. disorder and phonological disorder
inappropriate hemispheric specialization
predisposing factor 4:
motor speech coordination
may have diff. coordinating and timing motor activities required to produce fluent speech
precipitating factors
age: who most affected
developmental stressors:
self awareness: atypical
2-10
demanding parents, divorce, illness etc
heightened awareness of own disfluencies
types of fluency disorders:
non-developmental stuttering
neurogenic stuttering: results from conditions affecting
psychogenic stuttering: a condition referring to people in whom
cluttering:
various areas of brain
- psychological disturbance is clearly diagnosed
- disorder of speaking rate
neurogenic stuttering fluency disorder usually aqcuired during:: caused by damage to ? ex: most do not have different from ordinary stuttering and cluttering because -problem develops during -stuttering varies
adulthood
- CNS
ex: strokes, TBI, tumors
childhood history of stuttering
adulthood
little if at all across situations
psychogenic stuttering aquired during caused by no childhood onset was not caused by diff. from ordinary stutterin ghwo
adulthood acute or chronic psychological disturbance history of stuttering CNS damage develops during adulthood varied little if at all
cluttering a fluency disorder in which speech is characterized by -rapid -frequent -slurred -improper
person has normal? but usually has delayed ?
- immature
- difficulty with
rate
hesitations
articulation
syntax
intelligence/speech and lang. development
- grammar and articulation
- reading and writing
Assessment of Fluency Disorders
are speech disfluencies present ?
what is the nature of the speech disfluencies ?
speech sample
disfluency count
occurence of within word disfluencies (SLD)
stuttering severity scales
occurence of secondary behaviors
Treatment of fluency disorders
traditional approaches:
fluency shaping
stuttering modification
designed to modify all aspects of the client’s speaking behavior
designed to address individual moments of stuttering, as opposed to changing the entire pattern of speaking behavior
nontraditional treatment approaches
hypnotherapy:
drug therapy:
electronic devices
a psychologically based approach to the treatment of stuttering
use of anti anxiety medication to reduce moments of stuttering
closely resemble hearing aides that provide an auditory distraction to help alter the individuals overall speaking behavior
