Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC1013 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of internal and external stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

external Stimulus

A

actions and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

internal stimulus

A

thoughts and feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

levels of awareness

A

unconscious, stream of consciousness, sleep/dreaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sleep/ dreaming consciousness

A

when we are sleeping we are not totally unaware of what is happening around us, external factors can affect dreams can also wake us up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mind wandering

A

peoples experience of task-unrelated thoughts, spend 15-50%, can sometimes be beneficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

conscious vs unconscious thought

A

benefit to allowing the back of our mind to decide, focus on something else and let our conscious decide for us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dijksterhuis 2004

A

choosing a roommate:
one group: 4 min conscious thought to choosing roommates
other group: 4 min demanding task, unconscious thought no time to review
people given the demanding task, made a better choice and retained more information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

EEG

A

brain electrical activity, uses physiological index of consciousness, brain waves; amplitude and frequency. bind electrodes to the scalp and pick up on the potentials happening in the brain. depending on what your doing different brain activity occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EEG patterns

A

beta, alpha, theta, delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta

A

frequency; 13-24

state of consciousness: normal waking thought, alert problem solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alpha

A

Frequency: 8-12

state of conscious: deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Theta

A

Frequency: 4-7

State of conscious: light sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

delta

A

Frequency: less than 4

state of conscious: deep sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

24 hr biological cycle (internal clock that regulates functions), consciousness is shaped by biological rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ignoring circadian rhythms

A

cause a “sleep dept”, not ideal to ignore the rhythms but eventually our bodies will want that sleep dept to be paid, associated with negative effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Jet Lag

A

as soon as we go tot different time zones rhythms will be disrupted, ignoring circadian rhythms, each time you cross a zone, you need a day to get used to it, expose yourself to natural light to adjust yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sport team jet lag experiment

A

when team did not travel won 46% games, when they flew west; 44%, when they flew east; 36%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

physiological pathways

A

light levels–> retina–> suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus–> pineal gland–> secreation of melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Melatonin

A

get released when light levels are lower, will increase drowsiness which will increase drive to sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

negative sleep effects from phone

A

wavelengths of light in the blue range, will affect light levels “night shift” will not affect these light levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

melatonin and circadian rhythms

A

very specific dose of melatonin to adjust to time zone but its best to expose yourself to natural light and adjust naturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sleep/waking research instruments

A

eeg (electrical brain activity)
electromyograph (muscle activity muscle tone changes during sleep)
Electrooculograph (Eye movements REM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

levels of sleep

A

stage 1-4 then REM, some stages of sleep linked to memory consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
stage one of sleep
small irregular brain waves
26
stage 2 of sleep
appearance of spindle shaped waves called sleep spindle, procedural tasks, motor based
27
stage 3 and 4 of sleep
appearance of large, slow delta waves
28
REM sleep (waves)
Similar to ordinary wakefulness brain waves, associated with dreams, Rapid Eye Movement, complex tasks
29
Hypnic Jerk
muscle spasm as your falling asleep
30
Trends in SLeep
age differences: different amount of sleep required for people of different ages, cultural differences: napping practices
31
Areas in the brain involving sleep
ascending Reticular activating system, hypothalamus many areas and nerve chemicals involve in sleep
32
why do we sleep
hypotheses: 1) sleep evolved to conserve organisms energy 2) immobilization during sleep is adaptive because it reduces danger 3) sleep helps animals to restore energy and other bodily resources
33
sleep deprivation
complete deprivation in 3-4 days | partial deprivation: impaired attention, reaction, coordination, and decision making
34
Selective Deprivation
REM and slow wave rebound effect, when we are deprived of REM sleep the brain tries to drive them into REM faster to make up for lack or REM of the past nights
35
Why is sleep deprivation damaging?
some stages involved in memory consolidation, microsleeps
36
micro-sleeps
happens when we are sleep deprived, it is a case where a person goes from being awake to REM for 1s-1min and not be aware
37
Right amount of Sleep
studies suggest 7-7.5 hours of sleep have the lowest mortality rate
38
sleep problems
insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, nightmares, night terrors, somnambulism
39
insomnia
common, 3 types: falling asleep, staying asleep, waking up early, more common in women, increased medical problems
40
pseudoinsomnia/sleep state misperception
reporting that they have insomnia
41
hyperarousal
model of insomnia
42
insomnia cures
sleep therapy and mild dose of pills tend to be useful
43
narcolepsy
uncontrollable falling asleep, abnormal levels of hypocretin in their brain, go from being awake to asleep
44
Sleep apnea
reflexive gasping for air leads to waking, stop breathing during sleep, lead to damage of the heart, wight gain. C-pack ensures the airways stay open, more common in men. Triple the rate of mortality
45
Nightmares
during REM sleep, anxiety dream with a narrative correlation between nightmares and wellbeing, can lead to depression
46
Night terrors
abrupt panicked awakening from NREM sleep, intense physiological panic. many children have them around the same time so you can wake them up right before that happens to prevent them from entering their night terror, can occur in adults but not as common
47
somnambulism
sleep walking, slow wave stages of sleep, should wake them up and bring them to bed, tends to run in families, no connection to mental disorder, stage 3 sleep
48
REM sleep behaviour disorder RBD
somniloquy- sleep talking NREM- transitions lessens with age
49
Dreams
mental experiences during sleep, usually involve familiar content, most likely to occur in REM
50
dream format
changes as we age: more likely to have narrative in our dreams after puberty
51
cultures dreams
western vs Non-western interpretation of dreams some cultures put stalk in their dreams, some trends in cultures: a culture that tends to be hungry dreams of food
52
lucid dream
in the middle of dream and realize its a dream
53
impact of daily life events
can impact your dreams, if you dont want to dream about someone more likely you will
54
Different theories of dreams
Dreams of Fulfillment (freud) the problem solving view (cartwright) Activation synthesis model (hobson)
55
dreams of fulfillment
freud theory: the day residue shapes dreams that satisfy unconscious needs in a disguised fashion
56
the problem solving view dream
Cartwright; we mull over major problems in our lives with reduced logical constraints
57
Activation-synthesis model
Hobson: the cortex constructs a story to make sense of internal signals from lower brain centers
58
hypnosis
a systematic procedure that increases suggestibility
59
Mesmer
animal magnetism went from town to town and treid to remove ailments from people. tapping into the power of suggestion
60
james Braid
neurypnology/ hypnotism coined the term, can harness the power of suggestion but must do so respectfully
61
effects produced through hypnosis
anesthesia, sensory distortions and hallucinations, disinhibition, posthypnotic suggestions and amnesia ** note most people would not preform tasks they are not comfortable with while under hypnosis (aka could not be convinced to commit a crime), role playing (some people believe they are acting), altered state of conscious, dissociation of conscious
62
meditation
practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control
63
psychoactive drugs
chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioural functioning
64
6 categories of of psychoactive drugs
1) narcotics- pain relief, euphoria, relaxation 2) sedatives-sleep induce, relaxation, anxiety reduced 3) stimulants-increase CNS activity, excitement, energy, alert 4) hallucinogens- sensory and perceptual distortions 5) Cannabis- mild relaxed euphoria, enhanced awareness 6) alcohol- relaxed euphoria, decrease inhibitions
65
blood alcohol concentration
0.05 trouble, 0.08 legal limit
66
alcohol poisoning
depresses nerves involved in breathing and gag reflexes
67
sobering up
none of the "tactics" aka cold shower, eating, etc actually work, body needs to digest and let it leave the system
68
factors influencing drug effects
expectations, age, body size, mood, tolerance
69
endocannabinoid receptors
naturally occurring receptors which thc and elements relating to cannabis bind. Activity at these receptor sites relate to experience of munchies, preventing reuptake ensure DA and NE are present in synapse, most drugs have DA relation.
70
drug dependance
physical dependence (withdrawal symptoms), psychological dependence(anxiety, stress etc.)
71
drugs and health
overdose, physiological damage(direct physical damage longterm), health-impaired behaviours (more likely to be involved with this drug use, needles, drunk driving, fighting)
72
Mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway
inervation leads to addiction of stopping drug

PSYC1013 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions