Chapter 5 Bone Structure - Joints

Question 1

What are the functions of the periosteum?

Answer 1

• Nutrition/sensation
• bone growth
• maintenance
• attached to ligaments and tendons

Question 2

Differentiate between ligaments and tendons

Answer 2

• Ligaments – bone to bone or bone to cartilage

* tendons— muscle to bone

Question 3

Where does growth in length take place ? What is an indication that growth in length of a bone is complete ?

Answer 3

• epiphysseal (growth) plate

* epiphyseal line (thin strip of bone marking the fusion of the epiphysis to the diaphysis) replaces epiphyseal plate.

Question 4

List the two types of bone tissue and the structure and function of each.

Answer 4

• Compact — 20% skeletal system 80% of the skeletons weight. A rigid support outer shell around each bone. Made of units called osteons.
• spongy– 80% of bone structure has open spaces making it less dense and more flexible than compact bone. Medullary cavity

Question 5

List two types of bone marrow and the location and function of each.

Answer 5

• yellow marrow– mainly fat cells found in most bones, a food reserve for bone cells
• red marrow– pelvic girdle, ribs, sternum, long bone of lower limbs. Made of stem cells that form blood cell components

Question 6

List the functions of joints

Answer 6

Attach bones

Allow muscles to reposition bones

Question 7

List two types of classification of joints and the criteria upon which is based.

Answer 7

• structural – based on tissue composition and structural complexity
• functional– based on type of movement

Question 8

Where may bursa be found and what is their function?

Answer 8

Bursa– found in articulate areas where rubbing between skin, bones and ligaments can occur. They cushion against the rubbing.

Question 9

Periostem

Answer 9

Connective tissue membrane that covers bone

Question 10

Diaphysis

Answer 10

Main body of a long bone

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

End of a long bone that makes up a joint

Question 12

Epiphysial line

Answer 12

A thin strip of bone marking the fusion of epiphysis to the diaphysis

Question 13

Epiphysisal plate

Answer 13

An actively growing area of bone

Question 14

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 14

A smooth cartilage covering the articular surfaces bones

Question 15

Compact bone

Answer 15

Rigid outer shell of bone

Question 16

Patron

Answer 16

Structural unit of compact bone tissue

Question 17

Osteocytes

Answer 17

Cells of bone tissue

Question 18

Spongy bone

Answer 18

Synonym for cancelous bone; bone composed of a honey conab like network bony struts

Question 19

Medullary cavity

Answer 19

The hallow center of long bones

Question 20

Bone marrow

Answer 20

Soft tissue within the medullary cavity

Question 21

Yellow marrow

Answer 21

A food reserve for bone cells

Question 22

Red marrow

Answer 22

Produces red blood cells

Question 23

Bursa

Answer 23

A fibrous sack filled with synovial fluid

Question 24

Bursitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of a bursa

Question 25

Functional classification

Answer 25

A system of joint classification based on the way joints move

Question 26

Structural classification

Answer 26

System of joint classification based on tissue composition and structural complexity.

Question 27

Synovial fluid

Answer 27

Clear fluid that lubricates joint linings