Chapter 5 (exam 2)

Question 1

What are goblet cells?

Answer 1

Specialized epithelial cells that produce mucus and play a key role in the body’s defense and barrier maintenance

Question 2

What is tissue?

Answer 2

A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit

Question 3

What is matrix (extracellular material) composed of?

Answer 3

-fibrous proteins
-clear gel called ground substance, tissue fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, or tissue gel

Question 4

What are the four major tissues?

Answer 4

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nervous

Question 5

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

Composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion, and absorption

Question 6

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 6

-epidermis
-inner lining of digestive tract
-liver

Question 7

What is connective tissue?

Answer 7

Tissue with usually more matrix than cell volume often specialized to support, bind, and protect organs

Question 8

Where is connective tissue found?

Answer 8

-tendons and ligaments
-cartilage and bone
-blood

Question 9

What is nervous tissue?

Answer 9

Tissue containing excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells

Question 10

Where is nervous tissue found?

Answer 10

-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves

Question 11

What is muscular tissue?

Answer 11

Tissue composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction

Question 12

Where is muscular tissue found?

Answer 12

-skeletal muscles
-heart (cardiac muscle)
-walls of viscera

Question 13

What is avascular?

Answer 13

Doesn’t have good blood supple (epithelial tissue)

Question 14

Types of epithelial cells

Answer 14

-squamous (flat)
-cuboidal (cube)
-columnar (column)

Question 15

Epithelial layers

Answer 15

-simple (one layer)
-stratified (more than one layer)

Question 16

Keratinized epithelium

Answer 16

Has surface layer of dead cells

Question 17

Nonkeratinized epithelium

Answer 17

Lacks layer of dead cells

Question 18

What is glandular epithelium?

Answer 18

A type of tissue that makes and releases substances in the body, such as mucous and digestive juices

Question 19

What are merocrine glands?

Answer 19

A fluid product released through the cell membrane by exocytosis

Question 20

What are apocrine glands?

Answer 20

scent glands that release a milky fluid when a person is stressed. These glands are located in areas with many hair follicles, such as the armpits, groin, and scalp.

Question 21

What are holocrine glands?

Answer 21

Cells accumulate a product then the entire cell disintegrates

Question 22

What is a gland?

Answer 22

Cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body or releases them for elimination from the body

Question 23

Secretion

Answer 23

Product useful to the body

Question 24

Excretion

Answer 24

Waste product

Question 25

What are some examples of eccrine glands

Answer 25

-salivary glands -pancreatic glands -sweat glands of skin

Question 26

What are some examples of apocrine glands

Answer 26

-Axillary sweat glands -mammary glands

Question 27

What are some examples of holocrine glands?

Answer 27

-oil glands of scalp -glands of eyelids

Question 28

What is the most abundant type of tissue?

Answer 28

Connective tissue

Question 29

What are some functions of connective tissues?

Answer 29

-binding of organs -support -physical protection -immune protection -movement -storage -transport

Question 30

What are the four major subcategories of connective tissue?

Answer 30

-fibrous -cartilage -bone -blood

Question 31

Collagenous fibers

Answer 31

Fiber found in connective tissue that provide strength and structure to the body (tough, flexible, and resist stretching)

Question 32

What are reticular fibers?

Answer 32

-Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein

Question 33

What are elastic fibers?

Answer 33

Made of protein called elastin, allows stretch and recoil.

Question 34

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 34

Compact and cancellous (spongy)

Question 35

What is an osteon

Answer 35

Basic structural unit of compact bone

Question 36

Osteocyte

Answer 36

Mature inactive bone cell

Question 37

Osteoblast

Answer 37

Active bone-forming cell

Question 38

Osteoclast

Answer 38

Bone-destroying cell

Question 39

Ossification

Answer 39

Formation of bone from cartilage or membranes (supports, protects, attachment of muscles)

Question 40

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 40

-hyaline cartilage -fibrocartilage -elastic cartilage

Question 41

What is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 41

Clear, glassy cartilage found on many joint surfaces (usually covered by perichondrium)

Question 42

What does hyaline cartilage do?

Answer 42

Eases joint movement, holds airway open, moves vocal cords during speech

Question 43

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 43

Ribs, nose, larynx, trachea

Question 44

What is perichondrium?

Answer 44

A dense layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers the surface of most of the cartilage in the body

Question 45

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 45

Cartilage containing elastic fibers, provides flexible, elastic support (Covered with perichondrium)

Question 46

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 46

External ear and epiglottis

Question 47

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 47

Cartilage containing large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers. **Resists compression and absorbs shock (Never has perichondrium)**

Question 48

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 48

Pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs

Question 49

Erythrocytes

Answer 49

Red blood cells: transport O2 and CO2

Question 50

Leukocytes

Answer 50

White blood cells: defense against infection and other diseases

Question 51

Platelets

Answer 51

Cell fragments involved in clotting and other mechanisms

Question 52

Muscle tissue characteristics

Answer 52

-contractible -extensible -excitable

Question 53

Skeletal muscle

Answer 53

-striations present -voluntary

Question 54

Smooth muscle

Answer 54

-no striations -involuntary

Question 55

Cardiac muscle

Answer 55

-striated -involuntary -branching cells forming a syncytium

Question 56

Nervous tissue characteristics

Answer 56

-Excitable -capable of conduction -communication and integration

Question 57

Regeneration

Answer 57

Replacement of cells with new functioning cells of the same type

Question 58

Scar

Answer 58

Replacement of cells with fibrous connective tissue

Question 59

How do epithelial cells repair?

Answer 59

Cells are replaced by the division of stem cells

Question 60

Do all connective tissue cells have the ability to repair?

Answer 60

No

Question 61

Can muscle cells repair?

Answer 61

Muscle cells can perform limited repair

Question 62

Can nervous cells repair?

Answer 62

Some nervous cells can perform limited repair, others cannot

Question 63

What type of cartilage does not have perichondrium?

Answer 63

Fibrocartilage