chapter 5 gas exchange Flashcards
how is oxygen extracted from cleaned air and passed to all the body cells
in the nose large particles are filtered out by hair and mucus
and tiny particles and bacteria are traped in the mucus lining in the air tubes
cilia are tiny hairs on the surface of cells these beat to move the mucus up the throat to be swallowed or coughed out
diffusion in the lungs
oxygen diffuses in at the same time carbon dioxide is removed
what are the parts of the breathing system
lungs trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli diaphragm intercostal muscles ribs
what is the function of the ... lungs trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli diaphragm intercostal muscles ribs
lungs - where gaseous exchange takes place
trachea
bronchi - spreads air from the trachea over a much wider surface area
bronchioles
alveoli - adapted for efficient gas exchange
diaphragm - seperates from bottom body and below
intercostal muscles - contracts or relax to increase or decrease the size of the chest and thorax
ribs - protects the lungs
what is the function of the ciliated cells and mucus secreting cells
to clean the air, the bacteria and large particles are caught in the mucus, the ciliated cells beat which causes the mucus to move up the thorat to be swallowed or coughed up getting rid of the bacteria and large particles
how do you breath in
intercostal muscles and diaphgram contract rib cage up and out increases the volume decreases the pressure air is drawn in
how do you breath out
intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
rib cage down and in
decreases the volume
increases the pressure air is forced out
what are the adaptations of the alveoli
good blood supply one cell thick to make diffusion easy large surface area due to spherical shape moist surface ventilated
what are the consequences of reduced surface area in the lungs
decreased efficiency of breathing
what is breathing co-ordinated by
respiratory centre in the brain
what is carbon dioxide detected by
pH receptors which signal the brain to increase the breaking rate
why is expired air used to stimulate breathing mouth to mouth
the increased carbon dioxide is detected by pH detectpr whch stimulate the breathing muscles to contract and make them breath again
