Chapter 5: Homeostasis & Transport Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 5: Homeostasis & Transport Deck (20)
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Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

1
Q

Diffusion

A

The spontaneous movement of particles of any kind Down a concentration gradient; that is movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

2
Q

Concentration gradient

A

An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance within a given region. Things tend to move down their concentration gradient.

3
Q

Hypotonic

A

In comparing two solutions referring to the one with the lower concentration of solutes

4
Q

Hypertonic

A

In comparing two solutions referring to the one with the greater concentration of solutes

5
Q

Isotonic

A

Having the same solute concentration as another solution

6
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins

7
Q

Ion channels

A

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane that carry ions across the cell membrane from areas of greater to lower concentration

8
Q

Cytolysis

A

Bursting of a cell due to water pressure from within

9
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Shrinkage of a cell due to water loss

10
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Pressure of water against cell membrane and cell wall from within

11
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of materials across the cell membrane requiring NO CELL ENERGY, but using the energy of the moving molecules (as they try to spread out evenly/balance)

12
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against it’s concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins and requiring the input of energy (often as ATP)

13
Q

Entropy

A

A measure of disorder, or randomness. One form of entropy is heat, which is random molecular motion.

14
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking large molecules INTO a cell by forming a “pocket” vacuole around them

15
Q

Exocytosis

A

Discharging cell wastes by the reverse of endocytosis

16
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A type of endocytosis that involves taking in large SOLID particles

17
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A type of endocytosis that involves taking in large liquids

18
Q

Enzyme inhibitor

A

A chemical that interferes with an enzyme’s activity by changing the enzyme’s shape, either by plugging up the active site or by binding to another site on the enzyme

19
Q

What are the three main kinds of work a cell performs?

A

Mechanical, transport, chemical