Chapter 5: Reactions Flashcards
(20 cards)
chemical reactions
the covalent and ionic bonds that hold elements and compounds together are broken and new bonds are formed.
chemical equations
arrow separates reactants and products
reactants
the elements or compounds present at the start
products
the new substances formed
Coefficients
the numbers placed in front of the formulas of reactants and products. ex. 3H2 3 is the coefficient
synthesis reaction
two or more elements or compounds combine to form one more complex compound. ex. A+B—> AB
Decomposition reaction
is the reverse of a synthesis reaction. It involves the breakdown of one compound to form elements or simpler compounds. AB—-> A+B
Single replacement reaction
one element trades places with a different element in a compound. ex. A+BC—–> AC+B
Double replacement reaction
involves parts of two compounds switching places. Ex. AB+CD—->AD+CB
Hydrolysis
double replacement action: water (hydro) is used to split (lyse) a molecule. ex. Ester
Catalyst
is a substance that speeds up reaction without itself being altered.
Enzyme
biological catalyst
Hydration
synthesis reaction. water is added to a double bond
Dehydration
reverse of hydration. Decomposition reaction.
Oxidation
lose an electron
reduction
gains an electron
Oxidizing agent
what gains an electron
reducing agent
what loses an electron
Combustion
burning; O2 is always present.
catalytic hydrogenation
hydrogen gas (H2) acts as a reducing agent and platinum (Pt) as a catalyst. synthesis reaction.
