Chapter 5: Socialization Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Socialization
A
The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
2
Q
What happens if you grow up in social isolation
A
Genie, young girl severely abused and neglected
3
Q
Sigmund Freud
A
Theory of psychoanalysis
Said from birth we have two basic and opposing needs
4
Q
Two basic and opposing needs
A
Life instinct
Death instinct
5
Q
Life instinct
A
Need for sexual and emotional bonding
6
Q
Death instinct
A
Our aggressive drive
7
Q
Freuds 3 parts to personality
A
The Id
The Ego
The superego
8
Q
Id
A
Basic drives!
Unconscious drives that need to be satisfied immediately
Eat drink attention
9
Q
The ego
A
A persons conscious effort to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demand of society
10
Q
Superego
A
Cultural values and norms internalized by an individual
11
Q
What two aspects of personality conflict
A
The superego and id
Ego tried to balance this conflict
12
Q
Jean Piaget
A
Human cognition
How to kids learn and come to think of themselves in their environment
13
Q
4 stages of cognitive development
A
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete
Formal
14
Q
Sensorimotor
A
Knowing the world through senses
15
Q
Preoperational
A
Beggining to use language and symbols
16
Q
Concrete operational stage
A
Able to make casual connections and understand how and why things in their social environment happen
17
Q
Formal operational stage
A
Develop abstract thinking
18
Q
Lawrence Kohlberg
A
Concerned with our moral development
Examined right from wrong
Only in boys though!!
19
Q
3 phases of moral development
A
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
20
Q
Preconventional
A
Something is right when it feels good
21
Q
Conventional
A
We learn to please others around us
22
Q
Post conventional
A
Start to think more critically about cultural norms on what is right and wrong
23
Q
Carol Gilligan
A
Studied differences between boys and girls and how they see right and wrong
24
Q
2 types of right and wrong (Gilligan)
A
The justice perspective and the care and responsibility perspective
25
Justice perspective
Based on boys
26
Care and responsibility
Girls
27
As girls age their ______ drops due to ____________
Self esteem
Socialization and less female role models
28
George Herbert Mead
Theory of social self
See ourselves through the eyes of others
2 theories: play stage and the game stage
29
Play stage
Imitating the actions of others through play
Eg. playing house, playing maid, playing mom
Taking the role of others
30
Game stage
Learning to take roles of multiple people
31
Generalized other
Widespread cultural norms and values we use to reference ourselves
32
Two aspects of the self
The I
The me
33
The I
Our immediate response to other people
Active, spontaneous, unpredictable, unconscious
It’s bold and creative
34
The me
Calculated and thought out behaviour that is based on cultural expectations
35
The dominence of me and I
Social control
36
The family
Teaches us cultural values
Significant impact on gender socialization and rules of gender
37
Parents use different language to describe babies
Girls: weak, delicate, sweet and cute
Boys: large, strong, alert
38
Other gender based parent issues
Clothes we wear (blue and pink)
rules for play (boys get cars, girls dolls)
39
Children are aware of _______ from a young age
Social inequality
40
Kids in higher classes do:
Extra curricular activities and lead parents to have higher expectations
41
School
Experiences in school impact social development
42
Barbie Thorne
Observed children playing in school as “gendered geography”
43
Preschool teachers influence
Gender roles in children
44
Egalia school in Sweden
All about equality
Careful selection of books and toys
45
Black kids in preschool
Got expelled far more than anyone else
46
Peer groups
A social group who’s members have interests, social position, and age in common
47
Peer groups influence ______
Short term interest
| Music, clothing, movies, video
48
Who influences long term decisions
Parents!!
School
49
Anticipatory socialization
Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position
50
Mass media
The means for delivering impersonal communications to vast audiences
51
Examples of mass media
Newspapers, radio, tv, movies
52
Bechdel test
Two or more women
Do they talk?
Talk other than about a man
53
Social interactions
The process by which people act and react in relation to others
Eg. in person, mediated by technology
54
Micro level social structure
Statuses and roles
55
Status
A social position that a person holds
Part of our identity (teacher, daughter, sister)
Change throughout life
56
Two types of statuses
Ascribed status
Achieved status
57
Ascribed status
A social position that someone receives at birth or takes later in life
Age, race, widow
58
Achieved status
Social position that someone assumes voluntarily and reflects ability and effort
Pilot, athlete
59
Master statuses
Exceptional importance for social identity, shapes a persons life
Khardasians, a high level job
60
Roles
Behaviours expected for someone who holds a particular status
61
Role conflict
Happens when two or more statuses have roles that conflict
| Gotta be a bride maids and right a test
62
Role strain
Happens when two roles belonging to a single status are in tension
(Test next week and project the same day)
63
Social construction of reality
Process by which people creatively shape reality through social interactions
64
Ethnomethodology
The study of the way people make sense in their everyday surroundings
65
West and Zimmerman
Applied Ethnomethodology to gender
66
3 parts of gender
1) gender is an active accomplishment. It is what we do
2) we create gender through everyday interactions
3) the doing of gender is managed through public accountability to gender norms
67
The presentation of self
Irving Goffman
Social interactions as a theatrical performance
68
The actual presentation of self
Persons efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
69
Idealization and embarrassment
Make ourselves look the best
70
Frontstage
Fake it till you make it
71
Back stage
Be yourself, free from expectations
72
Social groups
Share a common identity and regularly interact with each other
73
Charles Horton Cooley
Creates primary groups
74
Primary groups
Small social group whose members share a personal and lasting relationship (family)
75
Secondary groups
Large and impersonal group whose members persue specific goal or activity (
work, government, business)
76
Secondary groups may become
Primary groups
77
Types of leadership
Instrumental leadership
Expressive leadership
78
Instrumental leadership
Gives directions to group
“Get the job done”
Boss teacher
79
Expressive leadership
Concerned with well being of members in group
Pays attention to morale and relationship
80
Solomon Asch
Studies group behaviour
The line study —> conformity
81
The Milgram study
Interested in conformity in pain
Shocked people experiment
82
Group thinkers
The tendency of group members to conform resulting in a narrow view of some issue
83
Looking glass self
Groups share how we added and evaluate ourselves
84
Reference group
A social group that serves as a point of reference in making decisions and evaluations
Family, peergroup, students
85
Samual Stouffer
Studied reference groups involving solider and promotion
86
Dyad
Social group with 2 members
Intense, unstable
87
Triad
Social group with 3 members
More stable
88
Larger groups mean ______
More stable
89
Network
A web of weak social tiles
Includes who we know of and who knows us
90
Wellman and Gulia argue that
The internet leads to meaningful relationships
Diverse communications are created
91
Formal organizations
Large secondary groups organized to achieve their goals efficiently
Gvt, hospital
92
Bureaucracy
Organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently
93
Fredrick Taylor
Created Scientific management
94
Scientific management
The application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or larger organization
95
First principle
The dislocation of the labour process from the skills of the worker
Gather knowledge on how to best do a job
96
Second principle
The separation of conception from execution
97
Third principle
The use of this monopoly over knowledge to control each step of the labour process and its mode of execution
98
Ritzier and McDonaldization
Ritzier questioned how dons was so successful
99
Six elements of a bureaucracy
Specializations
Hierarchy of positions
Rules and regulations
Technical competence
Impersonality
Written communication
100
Specialization
Member are assigned highly specialized tasks
101
Hierarchy of positions
People doing these tasks are arranged in a hierarchical ranking
102
Rules and regulations
Rifles and regulations govern conduct
103
Technical competence
People who make up the bureaucracy and are employed in it must be technically competent
104
Impersonality
They just put formal rules and regulations ahead of people
105
Written communication
They always write everything down as evidence
106
4 aspects of McDonalds
Efficiency
Calculability
Predictability
Control
107
Efficiency
Production is designed to maximize efficiency
108
Calculability
Emphasis on quantitative aspects. Quantity is quality
109
Predictability
Products are the same, work is the same
110
Control
Of consumers and customers
111
Critiques of dons
Dehumanizing
Destructive to environment and health
112
Global economy
Economic activity that crosses national boaders
113
Global division of labour
Less developed countries have larger primary labour forces
114
National countries are intertwined
What happens in one country impacts another
115
A few multicultural companies control _____
The worlds economy
116
Workers rights
Moving production to countries with cheap labour, weak labour laws and weak enforcement
117
Post industrial society
A productive system based on service work and high technology
118
3 changes in post industrial society
1) shift from tabgiable products to ideas
2) shift from mechanical skills to literacy
3) shifts from factory working to office working
119
3 sectors of economy
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
120
Primary sector
Draws raw material from natural environment
121
Secondary structure
Transforms raw material into manufactured goods
122
Tertiary sector
Involves services rather than goods
123
The dual labour market
Jobs can be divided into primary and secondary labour markets
124
Primary labour market
“High end job”
Great benefits
Great pay
Medicine, engineering, lawyers
125
Secondary labour market
“Bad jobs”
Low pay
No to little benefits
Serving food, retail, cashier
126
Capitalism
Economic system in which natural resources and means of producing goods are privately owned
127
Socialism
Economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing food and services are collectively owned
128
Differences between capitalism and socialism
Ownership
Profit
Regulating the market
129
Communism
Hypothetical economic system and political system which all members of society are equal
130
Welfare capitalism
A system that is largely market based with exstensive welfare programs
131
What helps supper welfare programs
Taxation
132
Issues in postindustrial workforce
Lacks unions
Most jobs are in service sector
133
Unions
Negotiate terms in behalf of workers
134
Underemployment
Happens when someone is working in an occupation that doesn’t use all their skills and strengths
135
Who are underemployed
Immigrants , women, and young workers
136
What percent are unemployed after high school
50%
137
What leads to unemployment
Company mergers, downsize
138
Underground economy
Not reported through taxes
Under the table payments (Claudette’s cleaners)
139
How is technology ruining work
De-skilling work (kiosks, self checkout)
Increase employer control (cameras watching you work terribly)
Relocation of work
