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Sociology > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

Lambrosso

A

Thought criminals look different physically

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2
Q

How do criminals look different

A

Low forehead, strong jawline, extra long arms

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3
Q

_____ are linked to crime

A

Personality traits

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4
Q

Reckless and Dinitz

A

Good vs bad boys

Studied 12 year old boys

Classified them as if likely to commit crimes

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5
Q

Bio and psych view deviance as

A

Something wrong with you

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6
Q

Deviance

A

The recognized violation of cultural norms

Illegal behaviours, duh

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7
Q

Social control

A

Attempts by others to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviour

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8
Q

Criminal justice system

A

The organizations- police, courts, and prison officials- that respond to alleged violations of the law

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9
Q

Durkheims Deviance

A

Necessary part of social organization

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10
Q

4 key points to Durkheims deviance

A

Deviance appears to affirm cultural values and norms

Responding to deviance reinforces and clarifies boundaries

Deviance brings people together

Deviance leads to social change

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11
Q

Robert Merton

A

Was interested in Durkheims work on “anomie”

Modified concept to refer to when accepted norms in society conflict with the social reality

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12
Q

Conformist

A

Accept the value and also accept the conventional ways of achieving it

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13
Q

Innovators

A

Accept socially approved values but use illegal pathways to achieve value (sell drugs)

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14
Q

Innovation

A

Using unconventional ways to achieve cultural approved goals

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15
Q

Ritualist

A

Follow socially accepted standards of behaving, but have lost sight of the value

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16
Q

Retreaists

A

Reject both the cultural goals and the conventional means of achieving it

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17
Q

Rebels

A

Like the retreatist reject both existing values and the means to achieve those values, by they also build on alternative

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18
Q

Labelling theory

A

The idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how those respond to those actions

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19
Q

Primary deviation

A

An initial act that transgresses norms

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20
Q

Secondary deviation

A

Acceptance of the label, label become internalized

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21
Q

Stigma

A

Powerfully negative label that greatly changes a persons self concept and social identity

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22
Q

Retrospective theory

A

Happens when someone’s past is interpreted in light of their label

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23
Q

Projective labelling

A

Happens when the deviant label is used to predict future behaviour

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24
Q

Medicalization

A

The transformation of moral and legal deviance to a medicinal condition

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25
Porter Conrad
Looked at badness to sickness in kids
26
Why do labels matter?
1) they shape who responds 2) shapes how people responds 3) shapes people’s beliefs about the competence of an individual
27
Norms reflect the interests of the _______
Rich and powerful
28
We rarely question our _____
Law
29
White collar crime
Crime committed by people of high social position in the course of occupation Stealing 3 million from workers
30
Masculinity, violence, and hockey
On ice fighting is not a crime
31
Correctional statistics
Age: 35 and younger Gender: men Race and ethnicity: aboriginal and blacks
32
Fiorillo looked at what
Overrepresentaion of aboriginal people to practices of colonization
33
Social stratification
A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
34
4 principles of social stratification
Trait of society Generations Universality Beliefs Time
35
Trait of society
SS is based on social categories
36
Generations
SS is past generation to generation
37
Universality
It is found everywhere
38
Beliefs
SS involves beliefs
39
Time
SS changes over time
40
Caste system
A social stratification system based on ascription, or birth
41
Pure caste system
No social mobility “Closed system”
42
Endogamy
Marriage within ones social group is forbidden
43
In the modern world
Caste systems are rare
44
Class system
Stratification based on birth and individual achievement
45
Meritocracy
Social stratification based on merit
46
Merit
Worthy of praise
47
Work hard and
Be rewarded
48
Ideology
Cultural belief that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality
49
Ideology change
Over time
50
Davis Moore thesis
Social stratification is beneficial for the operation of societies
51
David Moore thesis furthered
Unequal power, preside, and benefits need to be attached to different roles to benefit people
52
Marx social conflict theory
Class determined by relationship to means of production You can either own the means of production or you can sell labour
53
Exploitative relationship means
Workers produce for their employer more than the employee actually needs to repay the cost of workers
54
Ralf Dahrendorf reasons why workers havnt over thrown system
Fragmentation of capitalist class (stocks) Higher standard of living More work organizations Greater legal protections
55
Social stratification is
Multidimensional. It includes class, status, prestige and power
56
Status consistency
The degree of consistency in a person social standing across various dimensions of social inequality
57
Socio-economic status
A composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality
58
Micro level analysis
Possessions Indicate class
59
Conspicuous consumption
Buying and using products because of the “statement” of them Driving a lambo
60
Gender stratification
The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privellage between man and women
61
Sex
Refers to biological differences that group people in two catagories; male or female
62
Gender
Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to bring female or male
63
Gender ideology
Widely shared beliefs about gender that guide our identities and behaviours
64
Gender binary
View that there are only 2 types of bodies, male or female
65
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Most common form of intersexuality found in chromosomal females
66
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Is what males have
67
Interface project
Highlight intersex people
68
Transgender
Diverse group of people who don’t identify with male or female
69
Margaret mead
Studies gender in new Guiana
70
Hijara
3rd gender in India
71
Sworn Virgin Islands of Albania
Girls who swear oaths to become guys
72
Micheal kimmel
Examined the human construct of masculinities
73
Masculinity is ______ through relationships and ________
Constantly changing Interactions
74
Gender roles
Attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex
75
Patriarchy
A form of social organization in which males dominate females
76
Sexism
The belief that one sex are innately superior to the other
77
Experiences of gender vary between
Sexuality, race, ethnicity, age, disability, and class
78
Gender and work
Fundemental divide between productive and reproductive labour
79
Reproductive labour
Having children, feeding them, cooking, cleaning
80
Standard employment relationship (SER)
Paid work in western capitalist economies built on particular concept
81
SER
Full time, all year, long term, benefits and adequate pay
82
Pink collar jobs
Clerical work, secretaries, typists
83
Another significant example of female labour
Servers , hairdressers, education
84
Unpaid labour
Women without kids are more likely to have a job then women with kids
85
The wage gap
Female and male wage gap Males make more
86
Voting rights
Manitoba was first place to allow voting Aboriginal people couldn’t vote till 1960
87
Aboriginal people couldn’t vote until
1960
88
Gender theories: structural functional theory
Masculinity and feminity form a set is roles that link people to a family unit
89
Expressive roles
Providing emotional support Seen in women
90
Instrumental roles
Breadwinner Men
91
Gender theories: symbolic interaction theory
Our interactions are gendered Shows up in how we dresss, groom, gestures and movements
92
Gender theories: social conflict theory
View system as a structural system of power that privileges some and disadvantages others
93
Capitalism increased gender inequality, how?
1) capitalism increased men’s wealth and power 2) capitalist economies have turned women into consumers 3) exploit labour of men and women
94
Intersection theory
Analysis of the interplay of race, class, and gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage
95
Intersection theory tells us to
Not only view gender as discrimination, but also race and ethnicity
96
Incest taboo
Norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between relatives
97
Sexual orientation
Romantic and emotional attraction to another person
98
Asexual
Lack of sexual attractiveness
99
Homosexual was created
A century ago, foucault notes
100
Heteronormativity
Assumption there are only two sexs
101
Both homosexuality and heterosexuality
Is a social construct
102
Heterosexual questiinair
Created by rochlin, tests to see why you ain’t gay
103
Compulsory heterosexuality
The belief that heterosexuality is the default
104
_____ and _____ are socially constructed ideas that are important dimensions of _______
Race and ethnicity Social stratification
105
Race (FINAL ONLY)
The act of attaching meaning to observable diffenves and othering
106
Stratification (president) | FINAL ONLY
Racialization becomes connected to value and hierarchy assuming one groups the dominant
107
Institutional bias | FINAL ONLY
Bias is built into the operation of society, like schools, hospitals, police, workplace
108
Indian act is shaped by | FINAL ONLY
Dehumanizations and infantilization
109
Ethnicity | FINAL ONLY
Shared cultural heritage Common ancestry, language, or religion
110
____ and _____ are so ingrained they seem so true | FINAL ONLY
Stereotypes and prejudice
111
Scapegoat theory | FINAL ONLY
Based on frustration with a personal situation in for instance the workplace
112
Authoritarian personality theory | FINAL ONLY
Based on strong prejudice personality towards anyone seen as different t
113
Culture theory | FINAL ONLY
Based on social distance and superiority in communal or national sense
114
Conflict theory | FINAL ONLY
Based on social conflict and historical prejudice among groups usually related
115
Forced assimilation | FINAL ONLY
Forcing someone to go with dominant culture
116
Segregation | FINAL ONLY
Living in culturally defined groups through housing and reserves
117
Genocide | FINAL ONLY
Mass annihilation of a culture

Sociology (6 decks)

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