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End Chapters Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

Race and ethnicity are ______ that are important ideas to _______

A

Sociallly constructed ideas

Social stratification

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2
Q

Race

A

Socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

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3
Q

Stratification

A

Rationalization becomes connected to value and hierarchy, assuming one group is superior over another

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4
Q

Institutional prejudice and discrimination

A

Bias is built into the operation of society

Like school, hospitals, police and work

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5
Q

Ethnicity

A

Shared cultural heritage based on language or religion

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6
Q

____ and _____ can become so ingrained in our thinking that they seek to reflect value and objectivity

A

Stereotypes

Prejudice

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7
Q

Forced assimilation

A

Loss of cultural heritage through people going to dominant culture

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8
Q

Segregation

A

Living in cultural defined groups

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9
Q

Cultural genocide

A

Mass annihilation of cultural group

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10
Q

Minority group

A

Any catageory of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates

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11
Q

Minority status can be based on

A

Race and ethnicity, sexual minorities, disabled, women and gender

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12
Q

2 key elements to minority’s groups

A

Distinctive status

Subordination

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

Generalizations about entire group of people

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14
Q

Prejudice shows up as

A

Stereotypes

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15
Q

Stereotype

A

Simplified description applied to every person in some catagory

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16
Q

Discrimination refers to

A

Actions

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17
Q

Examples of desriminwtion in the workplace

A

English sounding names for the jobs 40% more of the time

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18
Q

Pluralism

A

A state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distant but equal standing

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19
Q

Assimilation

A

Minorities gradually adopt patterns of dominant culture

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20
Q

Genocide elaborated

A

Systematic killing of one catagory of people

Examples such as the holocaust, Armenian Genociden

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21
Q

Segregation elaborated

A

The physical and social separation of catagories of people

Examples: blacks separated from whites
Segregated bathrooms

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22
Q

Assimilation elaborated

A

Minrities adopting dominant patterns

Adopt dress, values, religion, language of dominant group

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23
Q

Family

A

Social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another

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24
Q

Kinship

A

Refers to social bonds based on marriage, shared ancestry, or adoption

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25
Matrimony
Latin for “conditions of motherhood”
26
Nuclear family
Stereotypical family of 4, bred winner dad, stay at home mom
27
Extended family
People like aunts, uncles, grandmas, grandpas
28
Polygamy
Marriage with more than one spouse
29
Polygyny
Man has two or more wives at same time
30
Polyandry
Women has two or more husbands at same time
31
The family: structural functional approach
Families perform a # of roles that help maintain social order: Socialization of children Regulating sexual activity Provide emotional support Reproduce existing social organization and stratification (parents pass on language)
32
The family: social conflict and feminist
Property inheritance Patriarchy Family acts to maintain ethic and racial catagories
33
The family: symbolic interaction
(Emphasizes individual in zoomed in lense) Draws attention to how family provides experiences of intimacy, forming of emotional bonds
34
Social exchange theory
Marriage and dating are viewed as forms of negotiation
35
Dating allows
Each person to asses the advantages and disadvantages of potential spouse
36
Trans parents and the family
Le leche league allowed men to breastfeed
37
Fertility rates today in Canada
1.6 children per women
38
Reasons for declining birth rates
Raising kids is expensive Higher employment for women
39
Stay at home dads percentage
11%
40
6 reasons for increase divorce rates
``` Individualism Romance fades Changing gender relations in family Stress More socially acceptable Easier to get ```
41
Individualism
More focussed on personal happiness opposed to wel being of family
42
Romance fades
When romance fades people seek new relationships
43
Changing gender relations in family
More women work for pay = less financial dependency
44
Stress
Since both are likely to work, time is tough when it comes to the relationship
45
More socially acceptable
Shifting attitudes and less stigma around divorce
46
Easier to get
Laws expanded beyond adultery
47
Who is more likely to divorce
Young, people with divorced parents, don’t hold strong religious beliefs, couples with suggessful careers, previously divorced people
48
Blended families
Families that bring children from previous marriages together
49
Cohabitation
Sharing of a household by an unmarried couple
50
Collective behavior
Activity involving a large number of people, often spontaneous, and usually in violation of established norms
51
Example of collective behaviour
Social movements, riots, crowds
52
How are collectivities different from social groups
Little or no social interaction No clear social boundaries Weak social norms
53
Localized collectivities
People who are physically close
54
Crowds
Temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another
55
4 types of crowds
The casual crowd A conventional crowd Expressive crowd Acting crowd
56
Riots
A social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected No clear goals Vancouver riot
57
3 theories of crowd behavior
Contagion theory Convergence theory Emergent norm theory
58
Contagion theory
Le bon Due to their large size, crowds provide people with anomitity People get caught up in the emotions of the crowd
59
Convergence theory
Gives less power to the overall crowd and focuses on certain individuals within that crowd
60
Crowds bring
Similar minded people together People together who went to act a certain way
61
Emergent norm theory
Norms emerge from within the crowd that guide the actions of the collective Crowds are not chaotic nor random
62
Mass behavior
Collective behavior among people spread over a wide geographic area
63
1 type of mass behavior
Rumour
64
Rumours are
Thrive in climate of uncertainty Unstable Hard to stop
65
Disasters
Another form of dispersed collectivities An unexpected event that causes extrensive harm to people and damage property
66
Examples of natural disasters
Floods and earthquakes
67
Technological disaster
Arise from failing to control technology
68
Intentional disasters
Organized and happen when people deliberately plan to harm others
69
What are social movements
Organized activity that encourages or discourages social change
70
Men’s liberation movement
Acknowledge how sexism privellaged men Tried to talk to feminist, didn’t work so well
71
Male sex roles
Damage men’s health, harm emotional lives of men, and harms relationships with others
72
Pro-feminist men’s movement
Emphasizes joining women to address the institutionalization of men’s power
73
Men’s right movement
Some leaders wanted to focus on advocating that men and women are equally oppressed by sex roles
74
Deprivation theory
Focusses on social movements People who form social movements feel deprived of something
75
Relative deprivation
A perceived disadvantage arising from some specific comparison
76
Mass societal theory
Looks at the individual People who experience social isolation seek out social movements Lack of personal connections in large societies
77
Structural strain theory
People come together because of a shared concern about society
78
6 factors that contribute to social movements
``` Structural conductivnees Structural strain Growth and spread of explanation Precipitating factors Mobilization Social control ```
79
Structural conductivness
Certain social conditions promote the development of a social movement
80
Structural strain
When society fails to meet expectations and needs of a group of people
81
Growth and spread of an explanation
Identify causes of the problem people are organizing around
82
Precipitating factors
The events that trigger direct action by those who get involved in the movement
83
Mobilization
People taking action together to address a problem (leaflets, protesting, marches, writing letters)
84
Social control
How is the movement impacted by social control
85
Resource mobilization theory
Social movements can not be successful without resources
86
Four key components to collective action
Getting organized Getting mobilized Taking collective action An opportunity
87
Important part of resource mobilization theory
People outside of the social movement can be as crucial to the movement as those working on the inside
88
New social movement theory
People join social movements because they went to fight for a better quality of life Focus on physical and social surroundings (climate change) Mobilize people on international level Highlight importance of mass media and new technology Support from all classes
89
Stages of social movements
Emergence Coalescence Beaurauctaitsion Decline
90
Options for decline
Sucsss Failure due to weakness Co-optation of leader Repression Establishment went mainstream
91
Casual crowd
Loose collection of people who interact little or non at all Examples: car accident rushers People on beaches
92
Conventional crowd
Deliberate planning to attract crowd Examples: celebrity funeral
93
Expressive crowd
Event with emotional appeal Examples: New Years in New York, NASCAR event
94
Acting crowd
Motivated by intense single minded purpose Examples: running out of mall after hearing gunshots
95
Political economy theory
Movements arise within captitlaist societies due to capitalism failing to meet the needs of people

Sociology (6 decks)

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