Chapter 3: Society And Technology

Question 1

Sociocultural evolution

Answer 1

Changes that occur as a society gains new technology

Question 2

Hunting and gathering

Answer 2

The use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation

Question 3

Hunting and gathering time and groups

Answer 3

50,000 BCE to present

30-40 in group

Question 4

Hunting and gathering ideas

Answer 4

Live off land, hunting and fishing

Women gather plants

Men hunt

Little inequality

Question 5

Horticultural and pastoral societies

Answer 5

The use of hand tools to raise crops

Stay in one area for a long time

Domestic animals

More inequality

Question 6

Agrarian societies

Answer 6

5,000 years ago

Developed currency

Large amount of social inequality

Question 7

Society

Answer 7

Refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture

Question 8

Gerhard and Jen Lenski

Answer 8

Look at societies over 10,000 years

Discuss how technology has changed them

Question 9

Pastoralism

Answer 9

The domestication of animals

Question 10

Horticultural societies jobs

Answer 10

People could cut hair, become priest etc

Question 11

Agriculture

Answer 11

Ploughs harnessed on animals

Question 12

Which society has the most inequality

Answer 12

Agarian

Question 13

Industrialism

Answer 13

Production of goods using advanced sources of energy

Question 14

Industrial society

Answer 14

Mechanized production using advanced sources of energy

Changed organizations of family and the role of family

Question 15

Post industrial societies

Answer 15

Based around the creation of information

Mass entry of women workers

Growth of service sector and decline of manufacturing

Question 16

Karl Marx

Answer 16

Concerned with social inequality and industrial society

Capitalist vs proletarians

Question 17

Class conflict

Answer 17

Conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a societies wealth and power

Question 18

Alienation

Answer 18

The experience of isolation or misery resulting from the powerless workers feel

Question 19

Class consciousness

Answer 19

Workers recognition of themselves as class unified in opposition to capitalist

Question 20

Mad Weber

Answer 20

Social thinker

Relationship between religion and economy

Question 21

Idealism

Answer 21

How do ideas and values shape society

Question 22

Calvinism

Answer 22

You’re either destined to be rich or poor, you can’t change that.

Rich = heaven 
Poor = hell 

Hard work, self discipline

Question 23

Rationalism of society

Answer 23

Historical change from tradition to rationality

Question 24

Rationalization is a way

Answer 24

Of organizing our culture, society, and economic aspects of life

Question 25

Social facts

Answer 25

Cultural norms and values Help society function as a whole

Question 26

Collective consciousness

Answer 26

Beliefs shared by a people in society (don’t kill each other)

Question 27

Mechanical solidarity

Answer 27

Refers to a strong social bond based on shared moral values

Question 28

Organic solidarity

Answer 28

Social bonds based on specialization and interdependence