Chapter 5.1 & 5.4

Question 1

an organism’s awareness of its external environment and internal mental processes

Answer 1

consciousness

Question 2

a state of clear, organized alterness

Answer 2

waking consciousness

Question 3

a condition of awareness that is atypical (e.g., coma; persistent vegetative state).

Answer 3

disorder of consciousness

Question 4

a condition of awareness distinctly different in quality or pattern from walking consciousness

Answer 4

altered state of consciousness (ASC)

Question 5

What are some causes of ASCs?

Answer 5

-sensory overload (rave, crowd, mosh pit)
-monotonous stimulation (long drives)
-unusual physical condition (high fever, hyperventilation, dehydration, sleep loss
-restricted sensory input (extended periods of isolation)

Question 6

any substance that can alter a person’s state of consciousness

a substance capable of altering attention, emotion, judgment, memory, time sense, self-control, or perception.

• the pleasure of relaxation

Answer 6

psychoactive drug

Social-recreational

Question 7

a substance that increases activity in the body and nervous system

Daily use with elements of dependence

Answer 7

stimulant

Intensive Use

Question 8

a substance that decreases activity in the body and nervous system

intense use and extreme dependence

Answer 8

depressant

Compulsive USe

Question 9

appropriate use of a legal drug

taken as purpose consistent with legal or medical guidelines

Answer 9

USER

Question 10

inappropriate use of legal drugs

taken for a purpose that is NOT consistent with legal or medical guidelines

• Not prescribed to you
• Incorrect Dose
• Not following drug indications

Answer 10

MISUSER

Question 11

Use of illegal drugs

intentional self-harm taken to elicit certain feelings

ADDICTION

clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Answer 11

ABUSER

Question 12

your awareness of external events in the environment around you, your awareness of your mental processes including your thoughts, memories, and feelings about your experiences and yourself

Answer 12

Consciousness

Question 13

Nucleus accumbens release _____, a neurotransmitter that intensifies feelings of pleasure

Answer 13

dopamine

Question 14

The chemical ____ of ____ is similar to dopamine

Answer 14

structure; cocaine

Question 15

overuse of cocaine overstimulates the reward system and disturbs ____ ____, resulting in drug ____.

Answer 15

dopamine function ; drug addiction

Question 16

Dopamine’s main mode of action

Answer 16

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 17

Dopamines Function in the brain

Answer 17

Participates in motivation, reward, planning behavior

Question 18

Dopamine effects of imbalance

Answer 18

Deficiency may lead to Parkinson’s disease, and reduced feelings of pleasure, and excess may lead to schizophrenia

Question 19

Physical illness and discomfort from the removal of a drug

Answer 19

withdrawal symptoms

Question 20

addictive drugs stimulate the brain’s reward circuitry

Answer 20

effects on the brain

Question 21

Progressive decrease in responsiveness to a drug

Answer 21

Drug tolerance

Question 22

Feeling that drug is necessary to maintain well-being

Answer 22

Psychological dependence

Question 23

To maintain bodily comfort, a physical dependence exists

Answer 23

Dependency

Question 24

Self-defeating attempt to cope with life

Answer 24

coping-effect

Question 25

-Type of Synthetic STIMULANT
- Medical Use: Treating ______ and overdoses of depressant drugs
- Misuse: Staying awake, attempt to improve ___ or _____ performance
- ADHD

Answer 25

Amphetamines
Hyperactivity
mental or physical

Question 26

Third most widely used psychoactive drug (after caffeine and alcohol)
- Withdrawal causes headaches, sweating, cramps, insomnia, digestive upset, irritability, cravings
- Carcinogen: Cancer-causing substance
- Best way to quit: Schedule a gradual reduction, which reduces the length of time between cigarettes

Answer 26

STIMULANT: NICOTINE

Question 27

MOST frequently used psychoactive drug in North America
- Blocks chemicals that inhibit nerve activity
- Dependence, insomnia, irritability, racing heart, elevated body temperature
- Breast cysts, bladder cancer, heart problems, high blood pressure

Answer 27

STIMULANT: CAFFEINE

Question 28

-SLEEP and PAIN Relief
- Heroin, Morphine, Codein, Oxycodone, Fentanyl
- Feeling euphoria, reduction of anxiety
- High levels result in impaired breathing, death
- Harm-reduction strategy: Methadone to reduce negative consequences of addiction

Answer 28

DEPRESSANTS: OPIODS

Question 29

As a ___, reduces inhibition, producing relaxation and euphoria
- large amounts: Brain impairment, loss of consciousness
Binge drinking: Five (four for women) or more drinks in a short time
Because brain is still developing into the early twenties, binge drinking may reduce 10 percent of brain power

Answer 29

DEPRESSANT: ALCOHOL

Question 30

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol) are two psychoactive chemicals in ___.
- Sense of euphoria, well being, relaxation, altered sense of time, and perceptual distortions
- In high doses: Paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions
- Works by activating neurons with endocannabinoid receptors in the brain
- No overdose deaths reported, but still creates harm

Answer 30

HALLUCINOGEN: CANNABIS

Question 31

• Non users are reported to be healthier, earn more, and more satisfied with their lives than users
• long term effects: interfere with menstrual cycles, ovulation, higher rate of miscarriages, harm to developing fetuses
• Medical cannabis: Can impact stress and pain, but like any other drug , can lead to abuse

Answer 31

HALLUCINOGEN: Cannabis