Chapter 6: Classical Conditioning

Question 1

a relatively permanent change in knowledge and/or behavior that results from experience

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

a type of learning that stems from the associations that are created when two things are repeatedly paired together

Answer 2

Classical COnditioning

Question 3

the formation of simple associations between various stimuli and responses

Answer 3

associative learning

Question 4

Two types of associative learning:

Answer 4

Classical conditioning and operational conditioning

Question 5

a form of learning in which reflex responses are associated with new stimuli

Answer 5

classical conditioning

Question 6

something that elicits a response without any prior experience

Answer 6

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 7

Response to a stimulus that requires no previous experience

Answer 7

unconditioned response (UR)

Meat powder

Question 8

a stimulus that does not evoke the UR

(metronome before conditioning)

Answer 8

Neutral stimulus

Question 9

a stimulus that evokes a response because it has been repeatedly paired with a US

Answer 9

Conditioned stimulus

metronome after conditioning

Question 10

a learned response elicited by a CS

Answer 10

Conditioned response

Salivation to the CS

Question 11

an innate reflex response elicited by a US

Answer 11

unconditioned response

reflex salivation to the US

Question 12

4 types of learning

Answer 12

classical conditioning

operant conditioning

observational

cognitive

Question 13

weakening of a learned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 13

extinction (in classical conditioning)

Question 14

weakening connection between the conditioned and the unconditioned stimulus

unconditioned stimulus stops following the conditioned stimulus

Answer 14

Extinction

Question 15

Return of learned response after apparent extinction

Answer 15

spontaneous recovery

Question 16

after conditioning, similar stimuli may trigger a response

as stimuli becomes less like the original CS, responding decreases

Answer 16

Stimulus Generalization

Question 17

The learned ability to respond differently to a variety of similar stimuli

creates more selective responsess

Answer 17

discrimination

Question 18

• food aversions
• celebrity endorsements
• conditioned emotional responses
• aversion therapy

Answer 18

examples of classical conditioning

Question 19

tendency to respond to stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus

Answer 19

stimulus generalization

Question 20

an emotional response that has been linked to a previously non-emotional stimulus by classical conditioning

Answer 20

conditioned emotional response (CER)