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Intro To PSYCH > Chapter 2 - Brain & Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Brain & Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main branches of the nervous system?

A

central and peripheral

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2
Q

The Central Nervous System (CNS).

A

Brain and the spinal cord.

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3
Q

A column of nerves that transmits information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system?

A

Spinal cord

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4
Q

Major nerves that carry sensory and motor messages in and out of the spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

a cell in the nervous system that transmits information

A

neuron

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7
Q

large bundles of many neuron fibers (called axons). or a bundle of neuron axons.

A

Nerves

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8
Q

Major nerves that leave the brain without passing through the spinal cord

A

cranial nerves

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9
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) can be divided into two major parts which are?

A

The somatic nervous system (SNS) & The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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10
Q

A network linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs.

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

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11
Q

The collection of axons that carry information to and from internal organs and glands

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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12
Q

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be divided into two branches:

A

Sympathetic & parasympathetic

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13
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal

initiates “fight or flight”

A

sympathetic nervous system

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14
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that quiets the body and conserves energy

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

Four basic parts of a neuron:

A

1- Dendrite
2- Cell Body
3 - Axon
4 - Axon terminals

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16
Q

Neuron fibers that receive incoming messages

look like tree roots

A

dendrites

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17
Q

The part of the neuron or other cell that contains the nucleus of the cell. Soma - Receives information from the dendrites

A

Cell Body

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18
Q

the fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron.

A

Axon

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19
Q

bulb-shaped structures at the ends of axons that form synapses with the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons.

A

axon terminals

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20
Q

electrically charged molecules called __ are found inside and outside of the each neuron.

A

ions

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21
Q

The electrical charge of an inactive neuron

A

resting potential

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22
Q

In neurons, the point at which a nerve impulse is triggered

A

threshold

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23
Q

a brief change in a neurons electrical charge

A

action potential

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24
Q

insulating material that covers some axons

A

myelin sheath

25
Q

a microscopic space over which messages pass between two neurons

A

synapse

26
Q

the chemical process that carries information from one neuron to another

A

synaptic transmission

27
Q

a chemical that moves information from one nervous system cell to another

moves information from one neuron to another - into the synaptic gap.

A

neurotransmitter

28
Q

an area on the surface of neurons and other cells that is sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones.

A

receptor sites

29
Q

The capacity of the brain to change in response to experience

A

neuroplasticity

30
Q

The production of new brain cells

A

neurogenesis

31
Q

The research strategy of linking specific structure in the brain to specific psychological or behavioral functions

A

localize function

32
Q

The thin, wrinkled outer covering of the brain in which high-level processes take place

A

cerebral cortex

33
Q

an increase in the relative size of the cerebral cortex

A

corticalization

34
Q

The coortex is composed of two sides, or ___ ____.

A

cerebral hemispheres

35
Q

The left and right sides of the cerebral cortex; interconnected by the corpus callosum.

A

cerebral hemispheres

36
Q

Differences between the two sides of the body, especially differences in the abilities of the brain hemispheres

A

lateralization

37
Q

The left and right brains have different information processing styles. The right brain _____ vs the left brains ____

A

The right brain gets the big pattern; the left focuses on small details.

38
Q

a surgical procedure that involves cutting the corpus callosum

A

split-brain operation

39
Q

sense of self, motor control, and higher mental abilities such as reasoning and planning

A

frontal lobe

40
Q

sensation such as touch, temperature, and pressure

A

parietal lobe

41
Q

primary function of this lobe - vision

A

Occipital

42
Q

posture, coordination, muscle tone, and memory of skills and habits

A

Cerebellum

43
Q

primary function of this lobe- hearing and language

A

temporal lobe

44
Q

The higher level mental processes that allows us to regulate and coordinate our own thought processes

A

executive functions

45
Q

The very front of the frontal lobes; involved in the sense of self; executive functions, and planning

A

prefrontal cortex

46
Q

a speech disturbance resulting from brain damage

A

aphasia

47
Q

a language area related to grammar and pronunciation

A

Brocas area

48
Q

a brain area associated with the control of movement

A

primary motor cortex

49
Q

Neurons that become active when a motor action is carried out and when another organism is observed performing the same action.

A

mirror neurons

50
Q

A cell in the nervous system that transmits commands from the brain to the muscles

A

motor neuron

51
Q

a temporal lobe brain area related to language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

52
Q

An inability to identify seen objects

A

visual agnosia

53
Q

a brain structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

54
Q

a small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological needs

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

a set of brain structures that play important roles in regulating emotion and memory

A

limbic system

56
Q

a part of the limbic system associated with the rapid processing of emotions’ especially fear

A

amygdala

57
Q

part of the limbic system associated with storing memories

A

hippocampus

58
Q
A

Intro To PSYCH (10 decks)

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