chapter 6

Question 1

increase in population size

Answer 1

bacteria growth

Question 2

microbial growth

Answer 2

reproduction

Question 3

thousands of genetically identical cells that ascended from a single parent cell

Answer 3

colony

Question 4

chemicals that are needed for energy or to make biochemicals and cellular structures

Answer 4

nutrients

Question 5

two groups of organisms based on the source of carbon

Answer 5

autotrophs and heterotrophs

Question 6

an organism that makes biochemicals with carbon it obtains from inoganic sources such as carbon dioxide and bicarbonate

Answer 6

autotrophs

Question 7

an organism that catabolizes proteins, carbs, and fatty acids from other organisms. It uses the carbon it gains from breaking down these biochemicals to make new ones

Answer 7

heterotrophs

Question 8

two groups of organisms based on source of energy

Answer 8

chemotrophs and phototrophs

Question 9

organisms that break bonds in biochemicals such as glucose to break down energy

Answer 9

chemotrophs

Question 10

organisms that use sunlight as their energy source

Answer 10

phototrophs

Question 11

microbes breakdown sugars into chemical energy in the presence of oxygen

Answer 11

aerobic respiration

Question 12

microbes that use aerobic respiration and need oxygen present to produce energy

Answer 12

aerobes

Question 13

do not use aerobic repspiration or need oxygen to produce energy

Answer 13

anaerobe

Question 14

an organism that needs oxygen to produce ATP from respiration

Answer 14

obligate aerobe

Question 15

an organism that produces ATP in the absence of oxygen. they will die if oxygen is present

Answer 15

obligate anaerobe

Question 16

they can do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. They prefer aerobic but will switch if needed

Answer 16

facultative anaerobe

Question 17

do not use aerobic respiration but have enzymes to detoxify oxygens toxic forms

Answer 17

aerotlerant anaerobe

Question 18

aerobes that require oxygen at low levels, 2-10% abd gave very limited ability to detoxify toxic forms of oxygen

Answer 18

microaerophiles

Question 19

require 3-10% carbon dioxide and low oxygen

Answer 19

capnophiles

Question 20

culture as a verb

Answer 20

act of growing bacteria

Question 21

culture as a noun

Answer 21

microorganisms gowing in a nutrient broth or on solid media

Question 22

on species of bacteria

Answer 22

pure culture

Question 23

two or more species of bacteria

Answer 23

mixed culture

Question 24

add bacteria to a nutrient broth or solid agar

Answer 24

inoculate

Question 25

what is used to grow bacteria cells quicly

Answer 25

liquid broth

Question 26

liquid broth that contains growing bacteria appears

Answer 26

cloudy or turbid

Question 27

a polysaccharide that is gelatinous at room temp and obtained from species of red seaweed

Answer 27

agar

Question 28

used to grow bacteria for storage or to perform biochemical tests

Answer 28

agar slant

Question 29

used to grow bacteria as individual colonies or for antibiotic susceptibility tests

Answer 29

agar plates

Question 30

a colony growing on an agar plate that contains thousands of bacteria cells that arose from a single parent cell are called

Answer 30

colony forming unit

Question 31

too many cells on agar plate

Answer 31

lawn

Question 32

used to transfer bacteria from one media type or culture to a new one while avoiding cross contamination

Answer 32

aseptic technique

Question 33

each sequential streak has less cells or is more dilute. goal is to obtain individual colonies

Answer 33

streak culutre

Question 34

initial liquid culture is diltue several times through serial dilution. Each successive dilution has less cells. these are then poured and spread on an agar plate

Answer 34

pouring plate

Question 35

the exact chemical composition is known and the exact amounts of all chemicals in media are known

Answer 35

pure media

Question 36

generally know what chemicals are in this media type bit exact amounts in media are unknown

Answer 36

complex media

Question 37

contains specific ingredients that inhibit growth of some species and promoting growth of another

Answer 37

selective media

Question 38

what two ingredients allow gram negative bacteria to grow but kill gram positive

Answer 38

bile salts and crystal violet

Question 39

media that contains ingredients that will either change the color of the media or the color of the microbe growing on it if they are used

Answer 39

differential media

Question 40

slab culture or liquid cultures where the levels of oxygen differ or chambers with the complete absence of oxygen

Answer 40

anaerobic media

Question 41

used to specifically to transport from point A to B

Answer 41

transport media

Question 42

what preserves cultures for days to months

Answer 42

refrigeration

Question 43

what preserves cultures for years

Answer 43

deep-freezing

Question 44

what preserves cultures for decades

Answer 44

lyophilization

Question 45

the time required for bacterial cells to grow and divide

Answer 45

generation time

Question 46

what is generation time dependent on

Answer 46

chemical and physical condition

Question 47

characterized by cellular activity but not microbial growth, population size does not increase

Answer 47

lag phase

Question 48

bacteria cells are dividing by cell division and doubling in numbers after each generation time, metabolic activity is high, metabolic wastes are low

Answer 48

log phase

Question 49

number of dividing cells equals the number of dying cells, no population growth

Answer 49

stationary

Question 50

number of dying cells is higher than the number of actively dividing cells

Answer 50

death phase

Question 51

in which phase are cells dividing

Answer 51

all but the lag phase