final exam 2

Question 1

staphylococcus, streptococcus, bacillus, enterococcus, and clostridium are

Answer 1

gram +

Question 2

gram positive disease is mostly from secreted

Answer 2

toxins

Question 3

low amt of guanine-cytosine nucleotide base pairs versus adenin thymine nucleotide pairs

Answer 3

low G and C bacteria

Question 4

high amount of guanine cytosine nucleotide base pairs versus adenine-thymine nucleotide base pairs

Answer 4

high g and c bacteria

Question 5

prefer to grow in environments with oxygen for aerobic respiration but can grow and survive in environments without oxygen

Answer 5

facultative anaerobe

Question 6

lack flagella

Answer 6

non-motile

Question 7

which of staph is the most virulent strain

Answer 7

staph aureus

Question 8

normal microbiotoa of the human skin but can cause opportunistic infections in very rare cases

Answer 8

staph epidermidis

Question 9

what agar is used to identify between staph

Answer 9

MSA

Question 10

which staph ferments mannitol

Answer 10

aureus and changes it to yellow

Question 11

when is infection resulted in for stpah

Answer 11

when it breaches skin or mucous membrane to reach blood

Question 12

extracellular enzymes of staph

Answer 12

cell-free coagulase, staphylokinase, hyaluronidase, lipases, and b-lactamase

Question 13

reacts with prothrombin causing the inactive fibrinogen to convert to the active fibrin

Answer 13

cell free coagulase

Question 14

dissolves fibrin causing blood clots to breakdown or dissolve

Answer 14

staphylokinase

Question 15

this enzyme allows bacteria to pass between cells in the epidermis by breaking hyaluronic acid

Answer 15

hyaluronidase

Question 16

breaks down lipids and oil for energy on the skin allowing staphylococci to grow on surface of skin and in cutaneous oil glands

Answer 16

lipases

Question 17

gives antibiotic resistance as this enzyme breaks open and destroys beta lactam ring found in all beta lactam antibiotics such as penecillin

Answer 17

b-lactamase

Question 18

binds to antibodies blocking the location where phagocytes grab onto the antibodies during phagocytosis

Answer 18

protein A

Question 19

inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Answer 19

slime layer

Question 20

binds and weakens or destroys the plasma membrane

Answer 20

cytolytic toxin

Question 21

specifically find to and destroy all leukocytes

Answer 21

leukocidin toxin

Question 22

breakdown desmosomes causing skin cells to separate and slough off

Answer 22

exfoliative toxins

Question 23

stimulate intestinal contraction nausea and intestine vomitting

Answer 23

enterotoxins

Question 24

study of incidience, distribution and control of disease

Answer 24

epidemiology

Question 25

which staph is found everywhere on human skin

Answer 25

staph epidermidis

Question 26

which staph is only found on moist skin folds

Answer 26

staph aureus

Question 27

staph grows in

Answer 27

UR, GI and urogenital tracts

Question 28

how is staph transmitted

Answer 28

direct contact or fomites

Question 29

you only need the toxin from the pathogen in your body to get the disease

Answer 29

noninvasive disease

Question 30

blistering and peeling of the skin due to exfoliative toxins

Answer 30

scalded skin

Question 31

formation of red sores that eject fluid and leave and amber colored scab, infectious and contagious

Answer 31

impetigo

Question 32

impetigo and scalded skin are

Answer 32

cutaneous diseases

Question 33

example of non invasive disease

Answer 33

food poisoning

Question 34

diseases that are spread throughout the body

Answer 34

systemic disease

Question 35

presence and spreading of the bacteria in the blood

Answer 35

bacteremia

Question 36

the bacteria attack and damage the lining of the heart which causes the amount of blood pumped by heart to drop rapidly

Answer 36

endocarditis

Question 37

inflammation of the lungs

Answer 37

pnuemonia

Question 38

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Answer 38

osteomyelitis

Question 39

what are commonly used to treat staph

Answer 39

semisynthetic penicillin-methicillin or vancomyocin for those that do not respond

Question 40

partially break down and green

Answer 40

alpha

Question 41

completely breaks down clear

Answer 41

beta

Question 42

no breakdown

Answer 42

gamma

Question 43

characteristics of group a strep

Answer 43

white colonies, beta hemolysis, capsules

Question 44

what represents the vast majority of group a

Answer 44

s. pyogenes

Question 45

interferes with opsonization and digestion of bacteria by lysozome

Answer 45

m protein

Question 46

act as camoflauge preventing detection by leukocytes

Answer 46

hyaluronic acid capsule

Question 47

m protein and capsule are what features

Answer 47

antiphagocytic structures

Question 48

kinases specifically produced by strep that break down blood clots allowing their rapid spread through infected and damaged tissue

Answer 48

streptokinases

Question 49

unwind and destroys DNA released by dead cells in infection sites. reduces firmness of puss allowing for quick spread of the bacteria

Answer 49

deoxyribonucleases

Question 50

a class of proteins that breakdown red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Answer 50

streptolysins

Question 51

group a strep infects the

Answer 51

pharynx or skin

Question 52

group a strep often causes disease when

Answer 52

normal microbiota is depleted

Question 53

how does group a strep spread

Answer 53

through respiratory droplets

Question 54

inflammation of the pharynx, most infections start this way and limited to this region of the body, when spread is can cause rheumatic and scarlet fever

Answer 54

streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 55

this typically develops from untreated streptococcal pharyngitits, characterized by inflammation that damages heart valves and muscle

Answer 55

rheumatic fever

Question 56

develops from untreated or secondary to streptococcal pharyngitis, characterized by rash on chest that spreads throughout body

Answer 56

scarlet fever

Question 57

trigger rash and cause tounge to appear strawberry red

Answer 57

pyrogenics

Question 58

characterized by bacterial infection in fascia

Answer 58

necrotizing fasciitis

Question 59

sheet of connective tissue, primarily composed of collagen that rests beneath the skin

Answer 59

fascia

Question 60

what is effective in group a strep treatment

Answer 60

peniccilin

Question 61

what does rapid strep test look for

Answer 61

group a specific antigens

Question 62

what represents majority of group b strep

Answer 62

strep agalctiae

Question 63

can distinguish group B from group A by

Answer 63

group specific antigens, smaller zones of beta hemolysis, and resistant to bacitracin

Question 64

group b strep typically infects

Answer 64

newborns

Question 65

group b strep colonizes in

Answer 65

gi, urogenital tracts

Question 66

diseases in adults usually follow

Answer 66

wound infections and childbirth

Question 67

swelling in membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Answer 67

meningitis

Question 68

test used to identify group B step

Answer 68

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Question 69

group b strep treated with

Answer 69

penicillin or ampicillin