chapter 6

Question 1

body protein contnet is adult level of about __% of body weight

Answer 1

18

18-20

Question 2

what is the word protein derived from

Answer 2

gree for of first importance

Question 3

function of proteins

Answer 3

build and reapir body tissues
play major roles in regulating body functions and provide energy if there is insufficient carb and fat in the diet

Question 4

primary function of proteins

Answer 4

build and repair body tissues
made possible by provision of the correct type and number of amino acids
as cells r catabolized and amino acids are released into blood they are anabolized (recycling!)how

Question 5

how do proteins regulate body function

Answer 5

important component of hormones and enzymes that regulate metabolism and digetstion
also maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and thus prevent edema
also develop antibodies = healthy immune systemh

Question 6

how do proteisn provide energy

Answer 6

if carb and fat in diet r insufficient
4 cal per gram
more expense than carb and most complete proteins also contain saturated fats and cholesterol

Question 7

animal sources of protein

Answer 7

highest quality of compelte protein, meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk and cheese

• also have sat fat and cholesterol so should choose low fat animal foods like fish, poultry, lean meats, and low fat dairy, egg to 2-3 a week if hyperlipedmic

baked salmon over fried fish
grilled turkey burger over double cheeseburger
brolied center cut boneless pork chop over bbq ribs
-

Question 8

plant sources of proteins

Answer 8

• incomplete proteins and lower biologoc qualitiey than those found in animal foods
• nuts, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, legumes like soybeans, navy beans, pinto beans, split peas, chickpeas, and peanuts, grains like wheat, barley, corn, and rice

Question 9

at around 50 muscle mass loss avg _____% per year

Answer 9

1-2

Question 10

muscle strenght declines by an avg of __% per year once we hit t60

Answer 10

3

Question 11

by 70 we may have lost ___ of our muscle strength

Answer 11

20-40%

Question 12

recommend level of ___ g/kg/day of protein for elderly

Answer 12

1-1.3

Question 13

what are analogues

Answer 13

meat alternatives

made from soybeans and contain soy protein and other ingredients to simulate meat

may be canned dried or frozen

excellent source of protein, iron, and b vitamin

Question 14

what is tofu

Answer 14

soft, cheese-like food made from soy milk
bland, easily absorbs flavor of other ingredients

rich in high-quality proteins and b vitamins and is low in sodium

textured soy protein and tofu ar eboth economical and nutrious meat replacements

Question 15

how do people following lacto-ovo veg or lacto-veg diets meet protein requirements

Answer 15

balanced diet including milk, and milk prpducts, enriched grains, nuts and legumes

Question 16

how many amino acids

Answer 16

20

Question 17

how many essential amino acids

Answer 17

10

(other source says 9)

Question 18

what two additional amino acids are incorportated into proteins during translation

Answer 18

selenocysteine

pyrrolysine

Question 19

what are complete proteins

Answer 19

proteins containing all essential amino acids

extremely bioavailable

nonessential amino acids can be produced by body from essential acids, vitamins, and minerals

Question 20

what are incomplete proteins

Answer 20

those lacking one or more essential amino acids

incomplete proteins cant. build tissue wo help of other proteins

value increases when eaten in combination w another incomplete protein during the same day - when this occurs protein are called complementary proteins

Question 21

what is the only animal protein that is incomplete protein

Answer 21

gelatin

Question 22

composition of proteins

Answer 22

C H O N and sometimes S

Question 23

what determines the specific type of proteins within each person

Answer 23

hereditarhy

Question 24

essential amino acids

Answer 24

arginine
histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
tryptophan
valine

Question 25

nonessential amino acids

Answer 25

alanine arginine asparagine aspartic acid cysteine glutamic acid glutamine glycine histidien proline serine tyrosine

Question 26

what are amino acids that are essential during childhood only

Answer 26

arginine histidine arginine histidine

Question 27

what do all amino acids contain

Answer 27

chemical backbone of a carbon atom amine group which contain nitrogen acid group side group

Question 28

what does HCL due regarding proteins

Answer 28

prepares stomach so enyme pepsine can reduce proteins to polypeptides

Question 29

what three pancreatix enzymes continue polypeptide digestion

Answer 29

trypsin chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase

Question 30

what is deamination

Answer 30

amino acids are broken down and nitrogen-containing amine group is stripped off produced ammonia which is released into the bloodstream by the cells liver picks up ammonia, converts it to urea, then return to bloodstream for the kidneys to filter out and excrete remaining parts are used for energy r converted to carb or fat and stored as glycogen or adipose tissue

Question 31

what determines protein requirements

Answer 31

size, age, sex, physical and emotioal codition

Question 32

when are extra protein reqiures

Answer 32

after surgery severe birns during infection to replace lost tissue and manufacture antibodies emotional trauma can cause body to excrete nitrogen than it normally does thus inc need for protein foods

Question 33

avg adult daily requirement for protein

Answer 33

0.8 g per kg of body weight

Question 34

proteins for infants 0-6 mo

Answer 34

9.1 g/day

Question 35

g/ day proteins for 7-12 mo infant

Answer 35

11

Question 36

g/ day proteins for children 1-3 y

Answer 36

13

Question 37

g/ day proteins for 4-8 y

Answer 37

19

Question 38

g/ day proteins for male and female 9-13 y

Answer 38

34

Question 39

g/ day proteins for male 14-18 y

Answer 39

52

Question 40

g/ day proteins for 19-70+ male

Answer 40

56

Question 41

g/ day proteins for female 9-13 y

Answer 41

34

Question 42

g/ day proteins for 14-70+ female

Answer 42

46

Question 43

g/ day proteins for pregnany and lactating fmeale

Answer 43

71

Question 44

long-term high protein can cause

Answer 44

colon cancer high calcium excretion (deplete bon of calcium and may contribute to osteoporosis) may ingore essential fruits and veg access protein could = more demands on liver and kidneys

Question 45

CDC protein intake req ___ Of one's daily cal intake

Answer 45

10-35%

Question 46

what is positive itrogen balalnce

Answer 46

intake of nitrigne exceeds amt excreted new tissue being formed, pregnancy, children growingyears, athletes develop additional muscle tissue, tissue rebuilt after physical trauma

Question 47

what is negtive nitrogen balance

Answer 47

indicate protein is being lost my be caused by fevers, injury, surgery, burins, starvation or immobilization

Question 48

what happens in protein deficiency

Answer 48

mujscle wasting will occur arms and legs become very thing albumin deficiency will cause edema loose appetite, strength, and weight and wounds my heal slowly if edema then letharigc and depressed, seen in grossly neglected children or in lederly, poor, or incapicatedwhat i

Question 49

what is protein energh malnutritio n

Answer 49

lack both protein and energy-rich foods common in developingcountries children lacking sufficient proteins don't grow to potential size infants born to mothers eating insufficient proteins during pregnancy can have permanently impaired mental capacities

Question 50

what is marasmus

Answer 50

severe malnutrition young children and adults lacking energy and protein foods and vitamin minerals emaciated ut no edema hair is dull and dry skin is thin and wrinkled

Question 51

what is kwashiorkor

Answer 51

suddent or recent lack of protein-containing foods (like in famine) causes fat to accumulate in liver and lack of protein and hormones = edema = painful skin lesions = changes in pigment of skin and hair mortality rate is high

Question 52

differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor

Answer 52

marasmus - total surface fat and mid arm circumference decreased, weight decreased, albumin WNL or decreased, immune function normal, dull, dry hair, emaciated wrinkled appearance, lack of protein and total energy kwashiorkor - TSD and MAC WNL - weight possiblyWNL - visceral protein decreased - immune function decreased - reddish color hair - puffy appearance - edema

Question 53

what acconuts for more than half ofthe body's protein

Answer 53

Skeletal muscle accounts for more than half of body protein

Question 54

what percent of protein is lost every day?

Answer 54

3%

Question 55

how does body use proteins

Answer 55

our body must digest and absorb the food protein you eat so that it can make body protein. When you eat a food protein, stomach acids present in the stomach denature the protein. As the protein is denatured, it unfolds and becomes more accessible to enzymes. The enzymes in the stomach begin breaking down pro-tein molecules into shorter strands of amino acids and single amino acids. The strands vary in length from two amino acids (called dipeptides), to three amino acids (called tripeptides), to some longer strands. The single amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides, and longer strands move into the small intestine. In the small intestine, the cells lining the intestinal walls fin-ish splitting the di-and tripeptides and absorb them along with the single amino acids. The amino acids are then released into the bloodstream. The blood carries these amino acids to body cells that need them. The cells use these single amino acids to assemble new proteins as needed.

Question 56

RDA for ppl 14-18 yo

Answer 56

0.85g per kg

Question 57

How many pounds of seafood, poultry, and meat do Americans consume yearly?

Answer 57

200 lb

Question 58

On average, women in the United States eat almost _____ times the RDA for protein.

Answer 58

1.5

Question 59

Men eat nearly the RDA for protein.

Answer 59

2x