chapter 6

Question 1

what is the cardiorespiratory system made up of.

Answer 1

composed of the heart blood, blood vessels, lungs, and airways.

Question 2

thoracic cavity

Answer 2

chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs.

Question 3

where is the heart located

Answer 3

in between the left and right lung in an area known as the mediastinum.

Question 4

how big is the human heart

Answer 4

The human heart is approximately the size of an adult fist, 300 grams or 10 oz,

Question 5

what are the three types of muscles found in the body

Answer 5

cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle.

Question 6

skeletal muscle

Answer 6

the type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

Question 7

smooth muscle

Answer 7

An involuntary nonstraited muscle type that is found in organs

Question 8

myofibrils

Answer 8

a long, cylindrical contractile structure found within a muscle fiber, composed of repeating units called sarcomeres, which contain protein filaments (actin and myosin) responsible for muscle contraction

Question 9

Sarcomere

Answer 9

A sarcomere comprises two main protein filaments (thin actin and thick myosin filaments) which are the active structures responsible for muscular contraction.

Question 10

Atrium

Answer 10

superior chamber of th e heart that gathers blood returning to the heart

Question 11

ventricle

Answer 11

inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body

Question 12

ventricle

Answer 12

inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood the the lungs and body

Question 13

intercalated discs

Answer 13

help hold cardiac muscle cells together during contraction and create an electrical connection between the cells which allows the heart to contract as one functional unit

Question 14

resting heart rate (RHR)

Answer 14

known as a pulse, means the number of times the heart contracts per minute while at rest.

Question 15

what is a normal range for beats per minute

Answer 15

60 to 100

Question 16

endurance athletes may have the “RHR” of how many beats per second?

Answer 16

40 - 60

Question 17

where is the sinoatrial node located

Answer 17

right atrium

Question 18

what is the sinoatrial node of the heart referred to

Answer 18

“the pacemaker of the heart”

Question 19

where is the atrioventricular node located

Answer 19

between the atria and ventricles.

Question 20

what is the atrioventricular node responsible for

Answer 20

conducting electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles of the heart.

Question 21

what is the sinoatrial node responsible for.

Answer 21

The SA (sinoatrial) node generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract

Question 22

what is stroke volume

Answer 22

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart as stroke volume.

Question 23

End-diastolic volume

Answer 23

the amount of blood in the heart’s ventricles after they’ve filled with blood but before they contract

Question 24

End-systolic volume

Answer 24

the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection

Question 25

heart rate

Answer 25

The measurement of the number of t8mes a heart beats within a specified time period

Question 26

bradycardia

Answer 26

when the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

Question 27

Tachycardia

Answer 27

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.

Question 28

cardiac output

Answer 28

the overall performance of the heart

Question 29

blood

Answer 29

fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.

Question 30

what are the three kinds of blood cells

Answer 30

red blood, white blood, and platlets.

Question 31

what does red blood do

Answer 31

carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body

Question 32

what do white blood cells do

Answer 32

help fight infections

Question 33

what do platelets do

Answer 33

help with clotting

Question 34

what percentage does plasma make in blood

Answer 34

55%

Question 35

what is the remaining 45 percent of blood in the human body made of

Answer 35

red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 36

blood vessels

Answer 36

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood thought-out the body

Question 37

arteries

Answer 37

carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs

Question 38

what is the largest artery in the body

Answer 38

Aorta

Question 39

arterioles

Answer 39

are smaller medium sized arteries that are divided.

Question 40

capillaries s

Answer 40

the smallest blood vessels in the body. serve as a connection point where arterioles transition to venules and as sites of element exchange between blood and tissue

Question 41

veins

Answer 41

carry deoxygenated blood

Question 42

venules

Answer 42

small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.

Question 43

vasculogenesis

Answer 43

the formation of new capillaries.

Question 44

angiogenesis

Answer 44

is the expansion of existing blood vessels

Question 45

which "vessels" carry oxygenated blood

Answer 45

arteries and arterioles.

Question 46

which "vessels" carry Deoxygenated blood?

Answer 46

veins

Question 47

at what site do the arteries and venules meet at?

Answer 47

capillaries

Question 48

venous pooling

Answer 48

the accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the vein or backflow.

Question 49

Blood pressure (BP)

Answer 49

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.

Question 50

Peripheral resistance

Answer 50

The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.