chapter 7 lesson 2

Question 1

what are the three imaginary planes

Answer 1

sagittal, frontal, and transverse

Question 2

Osteokinematics

Answer 2

Movement of a limb that is visible.

Question 3

Arthrokinematics

Answer 3

The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.

Question 4

Sagittal plane

Answer 4

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 5

Flexion

Answer 5

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 6

Dorsiflexion

Answer 6

Flexion occurring at the ankle.

Question 7

Plantar flexion

Answer 7

Extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards.

Question 8

Frontal plane

Answer 8

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. Movement in the frontal plane includes abduction, adduction, and side-to-side motions.

Question 9

Abduction

Answer 9

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

Question 10

Adduction

Answer 10

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 11

Lateral flexion

Answer 11

Bending of the spine from side to side.

Question 12

Eversion

Answer 12

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of foot faces outward.

Question 13

Inversion

Answer 13

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward.

Question 14

Transverse plane

Answer 14

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Question 15

Rotation of a body segment toward the middle of the body.

Answer 15

Rotation of a body segment toward the middle of the body.

Question 16

External rotation

Answer 16

Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body.

Question 17

Horizontal abduction

Answer 17

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

Question 18

Horizontal adduction

Answer 18

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

Question 19

Radioulnar pronation

Answer 19

Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position.

Question 20

Radioulnar supination

Answer 20

Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position.

Question 21

Pronation of the foot

Answer 21

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction; associated with force reduction.

Question 22

Gait

Answer 22

Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, and sprinting.

Question 23

Supination of the foot

Answer 23

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, and ankle adduction; associated with force production.

Question 24

Scapular retraction

Answer 24

Adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

Question 25

Scapular protraction

Answer 25

Abduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move away from the midline.

Question 26

Scapular depression

Answer 26

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae.

Question 27

Elasticity

Answer 27

The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched.

Question 28

Ligament

Answer 28

A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

Question 29

Flexibility

Answer 29

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of a joint.

Question 30

Hypermobility

Answer 30

A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should, greatly increasing the risk of injury at that joint.

Question 31

Hypomobility

Answer 31

When range of motion at a joint is limited.