Chapter 6

Question 1

Animal biotechnology

Answer 1

The application of biotechnology methods to improve animals

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

The smallest unit of an element

Question 3

Biotechnology

Answer 3

The management of biological systems for the benefit of humans

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

One of the thread-like parts of a cell nucleus contains the genetic material

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

A protein-like nuclei acid on genes that controls inheritance

Question 6

Dominant trait

Answer 6

A trait that covers up or masks the allele for a recessive trait

Question 7

DNA sequencing

Answer 7

Determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA fragment

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

A segment of a chromosome that contains a hereditary trait of an organism

Question 9

Gene transfer

Answer 9

The moving of a green from one organism to another

Question 10

Genetic code

Answer 10

The sequence of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule

Question 11

Allele

Answer 11

An alternate form of a gene

Question 12

Genetics

Answer 12

The laws and processes of inheritance by offspring from parents

Question 13

Genome

Answer 13

The genetic material for an organism

Question 14

Heredity

Answer 14

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Having different alleles for particular trait

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

Having similar alleles for a trait

Question 17

Micro injunction

Answer 17

A process of injecting DNA into a cell using a fine-diameter glass needle and a microscope

Question 18

Molecular biotechnology

Answer 18

The science of changing the structure and parts of cells to change an organism

Question 19

Molecule

Answer 19

The smallest unit of a substance

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

A change that naturally occurs in the genetic material of an organ

Question 21

Oocyte

Answer 21

An immature egg cell in the ovary of a female

Question 22

Oocyte transfer

Answer 22

The process of transferring an oocyte from a donor to a recipient in which fertilization will occur

Question 23

Organismic biotechnology

Answer 23

The science of improving intact or complete organisms without artificially changing their genetic makeup

Question 24

Particle injection

Answer 24

Using a mircoporjectile unit to shoot tiny particles costed with DNA into cells

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

An organisms physical or outward appearance

Question 26

Probability

Answer 26

The likelihood or chance that a trait will occur

Question 27

Punnett square

Answer 27

technique for predicting phenotype

Question 28

Recessive trait

Answer 28

a genetic trait masked by a dominant trait

Question 29

Recombinant DNA

Answer 29

Gene splicing; genes are cut and moved to a cell to be altered

Question 30

Super ovulation

Answer 30

Getting a female to release more than the usual number of eggs during a single estrous cycle

Question 31

Synthetic biology

Answer 31

Using chemical substances to create systems with some of the charactristics of living organisms

Question 32

Transgenic animal

Answer 32

An animal that has stably incorporated a foreign gene into its cells

Question 33

When was biotechnology invented

Answer 33

1977

Question 34

Synthetic uses what to create lifelike conditions

Answer 34

Vesicles

Question 35

Vesicles

Answer 35

Are cell like structures with external membranes

Question 36

What is selection

Answer 36

``` Mating animals to produce certain characteristics: Low birthweight Heavier weaning weight Color Horned or polled Temperament ```

Question 37

Sequence codes for amino acids and protiens is also called

Answer 37

Genetic code

Question 38

How many atoms are needed to make a molecule

Answer 38

2

Question 39

Genetic variation

Answer 39

Used to create a superior offspring

Question 40

Undesirable characteristics

Answer 40

Dwarfism Monorchid Cryptorchid Short ears and tails

Question 41

Lethal mutation

Answer 41

Causes death at birth

Question 42

Sublethal mutation

Answer 42

Limits animals ability to grow

Question 43

Beneficial mutation

Answer 43

Losing their tail in lambs

Question 44

Random mating

Answer 44

All males have an equal opportunity to mate with females

Question 45

Outcrossing

Answer 45

Mating purebreds with unrelated purebreds

Question 46

Inbreeding

Answer 46

Mating related animals

Question 47

Line breeding

Answer 47

Parents mated to offspring

Question 48

Increased population

Answer 48

Milk hormones bSt Meat hormones pSt Growth hormones

Question 49

Enhancing animal nutrition

Answer 49

Digestability testing | Controlled feeding

Question 50

Biotechnology issues

Answer 50

``` Threats to animals Threats to people Environmental concerns Economical gains Benefits to other countrys Possible threats to personal beliefs ```