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Advanced Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 6 and 7: Bones And Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 6 and 7: Bones And Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things do the skeletal system contain?

A
  1. Bones
  2. Cartilage
  3. Joints
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2
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage in the bone?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fiberocartilage
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3
Q

What are the functions of the bone?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Mineral and growth factor storage
  5. Blood cell formation
  6. Triglyceride (fat) storage
  7. Hormone production
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4
Q

Support

A

For body and soft organs

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5
Q

Protection

A

Protect brain, spinal cord, and vital organs

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6
Q

Movement

A

Levers for muscle action

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7
Q

Mineral and growth factor storage

A

Calcium and phosphorus, and growth factors reservoir

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8
Q

Blood cell formation

A

Hematopoiesis occurs in red marrow cavities of certain bones

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9
Q

Triglyceride (fat) storage

A

Fat, used for an energy source, is stored in bone cavities

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10
Q

Hormone production

A

Osteocalcin secreted by bones helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism

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11
Q

What are the 4 major cells of the bone tissue?

A
  1. Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
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12
Q

Osteogenic cells

A
  • Active stem cells
  • Differentiate into osteoblasts or other bone cells (stimulated)
  • Some stay the same
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13
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Function: Bone-forming cells that secrete osteoid

- Actively mitotic

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14
Q

Osteoid

A

Unmineralized bone matrix

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15
Q

Osteocytes

A
  • Mature bone cells that don’t divide (in lacunae)
  • Maintain bone matrix and stress/ strain sensors
  • Communicate info to osteoblasts and osteoclasts for bone remodeling
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16
Q

Osteoclasts

A
  • Giant, multinucleate
  • Function: breaking down of bone
  • Increase surface area for enzyme degradation of bone (from ruffled borders of cells)
17
Q

Compact Bone

A

Dense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid

18
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Made up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of bone

  • Appears poorly organized but is organized along lines of stress to help with bone resistance to stress
  • Trabeculae
19
Q

Trabeculae

A

Needle-like or flat pieces of bone
- like cables on a suspension bridge, confer strength to bone
(No osteons are present)

20
Q

What does compact bone consist of?

A
  • Osteon (Haversian system)
  • Canals and canaliculi
  • Interstitial and circumferential lamellae
21
Q

Osteon (Haversian system)

A
  • the structural unit of compact bone
  • consists of an elongated cylinder that runs parallel to long axis of bone
  • Osteon cylinder consists of several rings of bone matrix
22
Q

Lamellae

A

Rings of bone matrix

23
Q

Canals and canaliculi

A
  • Central (Haversian) canal runs through ore of osteon (blood vessels and nerve fibers)
  • Lacunae
  • Canaliculi
    (Both allow communication)
24
Q

Lacunae

A

Small cavities that contain osteocytes

25
Q

Canaliculi

A

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and to central canal

26
Q

Interstitial and circumferential lamellae

A

Lamellae that are not part of osteon

- Some fill gaps others are remnants of osteon scut by bone remodeling

27
Q

Suture

A

A seamlike immovable junction between 2 bones

28
Q

Meatus

A

Tubelike opening or channel

29
Q

Foramen

A

Round hole for vessels and nerves

30
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded bump; usually fits into a depression on another bone to form a joint

31
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, pointed process

32
Q

Body

A

The main or central portion of a bone

33
Q

Epicondyle

A

Bump near a condyle; often gives the appearance of a “bump” on a bump

34
Q

Head

A

Distinct epiphysis on a long bone, separated from the shaft by a narrowed portion (or neck)

35
Q

Neck

A

A narrowed portion, usually at the base of a head

36
Q

Tuberosity

A

Oblong, raised bump

Advanced Anatomy & Physiology (11 decks)

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