Chapter 6 E2

Question 1

changed form rocks; produced from preexisting igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Answer 1

metamorphic rocks

Question 2

takes place where preexisting rock is subjected to temperatures and pressures unlike those in which it formed

Answer 2

metamorphism

Question 3

two types of metamorphism

Answer 3

contact (thermal) and regional metamorphism

Question 4

occurs near a body of magma, changes are driven by a rise in temperature; caused by a hot body like an intrusive; doesn’t melt surrounding rock but changes it

Answer 4

contact or thermal metamorphism

Question 5

directed pressures and high temperatures during mountain building; occurs along plate boundaries; produces the greatest volume of metamorphic rock

Answer 5

regional metamorphism

Question 6

______ and _____ increase with depth in all regions

Answer 6

pressure and temperature

Question 7

created by quick intense pressure

Answer 7

shock metamorphism like a meteor impact

Question 8

there is high pressure metamorphism at _________; water is being subducted with the plate so very high pressure and low ___

Answer 8

subduction zones

temperatures

Question 9

seafloor metamorphism

Answer 9

new crust is still hot and kind of fluffy so there is an exchange of cations easilyt

Question 10

1300 degree celsius isotherm

Answer 10

everything below this line is hotter and molten

Question 11

confining pressure

Answer 11

pressure from all directions; things just pile on top

Question 12

directed pressure

Answer 12

usually pressure from two directions; occurs near the surface

Question 13

folation

Answer 13

occurs due to directed pressure; the minerals turn perpendicular and flatten; also have the segregation of felsic and mafic materials

Question 14

directed pressure causes sedimentary rocks such as shale to form

Answer 14

cleavage planes

Question 15

metamorphic rock textures

Answer 15

foliated and non foliated

Question 16

minerals are in a parallel alignment perpendicular to the compressional force

Answer 16

foliated texture of a metamorphic rock

Question 17

contain equi-dimensional crystals; resembles a coarse-grained igneous rock

Answer 17

nonfoliated (massive) texture of a metamorphic rock

Question 18

metamorphic textures from low grade of intensity to a high grade intensity of metamorphism

Answer 18

slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, and migmatite

Question 19

most abundant detrital sedimentary rock

Answer 19

shale

Question 20

every metamorphic rock has a ____ rock

Answer 20

parent

Question 21

porphroblasts

Answer 21

like garnet in schist

Question 22

difference between marble and quartzite

Answer 22

scratch the glass; quartzite is harder

Question 23

nonfoliated (granoblastic) rock; parent rock is limestone; large interlocking calcite crystals

Answer 23

marble

Question 24

nonfoliated (granoblastic) rock; parent rock quartz sandstone; quartz grains are fused

Answer 24

quartzite

Question 25

with nonfoliated rock you can't tell immediately the grade of

Answer 25

metamorphism

Question 26

as the intensity of the metamorphism increases ________ and __________ also increase

Answer 26

crystal size and coarseness of foliation; (pressure and temp are also increasing because they are the factors that increase the metamorphic intensity)

Question 27

minerals you use to figure out where you are in the temperature pressure space

Answer 27

index minerals or isograds

Question 28

_______ path is faster than the ______ path

Answer 28

prograde | retrograde

Question 29

low grade metamorphism that is caused by the progressive increase in pressure

Answer 29

burial metamorphism

Question 30

the four criteria of classifying a foliated rock

Answer 30

metamorphic grade grain (crystal) size type of foliation banding

Question 31

nonfoliated metamorphic rocks composed mainly of crystals that grow in equant shapes such as cubes or spheres rather than in platy or elongate shapes

Answer 31

granoblastic rocks

Question 32

the process of transporting a rock from the earth's interior back up to earth's surface

Answer 32

exhumation

Question 33

this type of foliation results in the segregation of lighter and darker minerals

Answer 33

gneiss

Question 34

metamorphic rocks formed by _____ are rarely exposed at the earth's surface for geologists to study

Answer 34

high pressure metamorphism

Question 35

hot basaltic lava at a seafloor spreading center heats infiltrating seawater which starts to circulate through the newly forming oceanic crust by convection

Answer 35

seafloor metamorphism

Question 36

the kind of change in a rock's composition by fluid transport of chemical substances into or out of it

Answer 36

metasomatism

Question 37

another name for pressure

Answer 37

stress

Question 38

groupings of rocks of various mineral compositions formed under particular conditions of temperature and pressure from different parent rocks

Answer 38

metamorphic facies