Exam 3 Random old test

Question 1

after oceans which of the following reservoirs contains the most water

Answer 1

the glaciers and polar ice caps

Question 2

the process by which surface water becomes groundwater is called

Answer 2

infiltration

Question 3

what powers the hydrologic cycle

Answer 3

solar energy

Question 4

the release of water vapor from plants is called

Answer 4

transpiration

Question 5

when looking at a cross section of a coastal mountain range what area receives the most rain

Answer 5

the side of the mountain closest to the ocean

Question 6

which of the following regions has the highest annual surface runoff

Answer 6

western washington because of the ocean and mountain range; think Seattle

Question 7

what is the difference between the saturated and unsaturated zones of groundwater

Answer 7

the pore spaces in the saturated zone are full of water; the pore spaces in the unsaturated zone are not full of water

Question 8

which of the following statements about the groundwater table is true

Answer 8

the groundwater table has the same general shape as the topography

Question 9

what represents the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone

Answer 9

groundwater table

Question 10

_____ is the infiltration of water into the saturated zone, and ____ is the exit of ground water to the surface

Answer 10

recharge

discharge

Question 11

because of human activity, sediment transported by streams has

Answer 11

increased dramatically

Question 12

which term describes the total sediment load carried by a stream

Answer 12

capacity

Question 13

suspended load includes all material

Answer 13

temporarily or permanently suspended in the flow

Question 14

which of the following is considered part of a stream’s bed load

Answer 14

gravel sliding along the bottom

Question 15

as the velocity of a stream current increases

Answer 15

more of the bed material is in motion

Question 16

which of the following particles is the most easily eroded from the bed of a stream

Answer 16

sand

Question 17

which of the following materials is most likely to be transported as suspended load

Answer 17

clay

Question 18

in a sand dune in a river, _____ occurs on the upstream side of the dune and _____ occurs on the downstream side of the dune

Answer 18

erosion

deposition

Question 19

a curved, coarse-grained deposit that forms on the inside curve of a stream

Answer 19

point bar

Question 20

curves and bends in a stream channel are called

Answer 20

meanders

Question 21

at a bend in a river, ___ occurs on the outside of the bend and ____ occurs on the inside of the bend

Answer 21

erosion

depostion

Question 22

oxbow lakes are associated with which of the following types of rivers

Answer 22

meandering rives

Question 23

in which of the following locations would one most likely find a braided stream

Answer 23

at the edge of a melting glacier

Question 24

the volume of water flowing past a given point in a given time is called the

Answer 24

discharge

Question 25

what is the most fertile area for crops

Answer 25

a floodplain

Question 26

what is the correct discharge equation

Answer 26

discharge= width x depth x velocity

Question 27

for most rivers discharge _____ downstream

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

at any point in a river, the equilibrium between erosion of the streambed and sedimentation in the channel is controlled by

Answer 28

climate, stream flow, topography

Question 29

describes the shape of the longitudinal profile of a stream

Answer 29

a concave upward curve

Question 30

if a dam is build, sediment will _____ on the upstream side of the dam and sediment will ______ on the downstream side of the dam

Answer 30

accumulate | erode

Question 31

large cone-shaped deposits of sediment at a mountain front are called

Answer 31

alluvial fans

Question 32

what is a true statement regarding stream terraces is true

Answer 32

terraces are composed of floodplain deposits and form as a result of rapid uplift

Question 33

what type of drainage is randome

Answer 33

dendritic

Question 34

what type of drainage network would you expect to find on a volcano

Answer 34

radial drainage

Question 35

where do deltas form

Answer 35

at river mouths

Question 36

on a delta, smaller rivers that branch off downstream are called

Answer 36

distributaries

Question 37

due to the undercutting action, waterfalls

Answer 37

retreat upstream

Question 38

the process whereby sand grains jump along the streambed during transport

Answer 38

saltation

Question 39

the topographic rise between two streams is called a

Answer 39

divide

Question 40

what sort of sedimentary structure forms where rives run into bodies of standing water

Answer 40

delta

Question 41

in what climate will chemical weathering be the most rapid

Answer 41

hot and humid

Question 42

what is the most stable mineral at the earth's surface

Answer 42

hematite

Question 43

which of the following minerals is least stable at the earth's surface

Answer 43

olivine

Question 44

what mineral is most likely to form a clay mineral during weathering

Answer 44

feldspar because of hydrolysis

Question 45

as a rock breaks into smaller pieces, the ratio of surface area to volume

Answer 45

increases

Question 46

which of the following chemical species is not produced by the chemical weathering of potassium feldspar (orthoclase)

Answer 46

water H2O

Question 47

most common acid on the earth's surface

Answer 47

carbonic acid

Question 48

what happens to the potassium (K) in feldspar during chemical weathering

Answer 48

it dissolves in the water

Question 49

what is a form of chemical weathering

Answer 49

dissolution

Question 50

what type of mineral will have the greatest chemical stability

Answer 50

a mineral with a low solubility and a low rate of dissolution

Question 51

what will decrease the rate of chemical weathering of a rock at the earth's surface

Answer 51

decreasing the temperature

Question 52

what mineral is most susceptible to oxidation

Answer 52

pyroxene

Question 53

what causes the deep red color of soils found in Georgia and other warm, humid regions

Answer 53

iron oxides

Question 54

what is not an example of chemical weathering

Answer 54

splitting a rock along a fracture

Question 55

what is an example of physical weathering

Answer 55

the splitting or a rock by a tree root

Question 56

physical weathering is greatest at

Answer 56

high latitudes

Question 57

organic matter in the earth's topsoils is called

Answer 57

humus

Question 58

in a soil profile organic matter is found

Answer 58

primarily in the A horizon

Question 59

which soil horizon consists of primarily of slightly altered, weathered bedrock

Answer 59

the c horizon

Question 60

which of the following forces is the dominant cause of mass movement

Answer 60

gravity

Question 61

what is not an important factor in causing mass movements

Answer 61

temperature of slope materials; amount of water, steepness and instability of slopes, and nature of slope materials are all important

Question 62

a hill consisting of loose, dry sand that slopes at the angle of repose and has no vegetation

Answer 62

is stable unless oversteepened by excavation, may flow if it becomes saturated with water, and will be more stable if vegetation takes root on the hill

Question 63

______ form steeper slopes than ____

Answer 63

angular pebbles | coarse sand

Question 64

which of the following has the steepest angle of repose

Answer 64

damp sand

Question 65

which of the following slopes of unconsolidated material will be the least stable

Answer 65

a slope greater than the angle of repose

Question 66

stripping soil of vegetation by burning or deforestation will _____ the likelihood of mass movements

Answer 66

increase

Question 67

the accumulation of rocks at the base of a cliff is called a

Answer 67

talus

Question 68

in what class of mass movement does the material move as if it were a fluid

Answer 68

flows

Question 69

what type of mass movement could a person not outrun

Answer 69

debris avalanche

Question 70

a slow slide of unconsolidated material that travels as a unit is called

Answer 70

a slump

Question 71

what process only occurs in permafrost regions

Answer 71

solifluction

Question 72

in what climate will chemical weathering be the slowest

Answer 72

cold and dry

Question 73

what rock would be most affected by chemical weathering

Answer 73

marble

Question 74

one of the most effective mechanisms for physical weathering is

Answer 74

frost wedging

Question 75

what information do geologists use to estimate speeds of ancient rivers

Answer 75

grain size