Exam 2 Fall 2017 old test

Question 1

detrital (siliciclastic) sedimentary rock with angular pebble-sized clasts

Answer 1

breccia

Question 2

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock with sand-sized clasts

Answer 2

sandstone

Question 3

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock that consists of primary clay-sized particles

Answer 3

shale

Question 4

granoblastic (non-foliated) rock that is formed from metamorphosed sandstone

Answer 4

quartzite

Question 5

coal that has undergone metamorphism

Answer 5

anthracite

Question 6

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock with rounded pebble-sized clasts

Answer 6

conglomerate

Question 7

chemical sedimentary rock consisting of precipitated microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Answer 7

chert

Question 8

granoblastic, non-foliated rock that is formed from metamorphosed limestone

Answer 8

marble

Question 9

detrital, siliciclastic, sedimentary rock with abundant feldspar clasts

Answer 9

arkose

Question 10

chemical or biochemical sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcite (CaCO3)

Answer 10

limestone

Question 11

high grade foliated metamorphic rock that consists of alternating bands of mafic and felsic minerals

Answer 11

gneiss

Question 12

evaporite deposits used to make drywall for building construction

Answer 12

rock gypsum

Question 13

foliated metamorphic rock that consists of clay-sized particles and used in building construction for shingles

Answer 13

slate

Question 14

evaporite deposits used to make table salt for human consumption

Answer 14

rock halite

Question 15

foliated metamorphic rock with medium-large grains of planar crystals (often with identifiable micas)

Answer 15

schist

Question 16

foliated metamorphic rock that has wavy foliation patterns (crenulations) in cross-section and has a glossy sheen

Answer 16

phyllite

Question 17

biochemical sedimentary rock consisting of compressed organic matter

Answer 17

bituminous coal

Question 18

temp and depth conditions for the formation of siliciclastic sedimentary rock

Answer 18

low temp and low depth

Question 19

probable depositional environment of coal with fern fossils in it

Answer 19

freshwater swamp

Question 20

temp and depth conditions for the formation of schist

Answer 20

medium temp and medium depth

Question 21

temp and depth conditions necessary to convert a sedimentary rock to a metamorphic rock as a result of contact metamorphism

Answer 21

high temp and low depth

Question 22

the surface that divides a fold into two halves and contains the fold axis is called

Answer 22

the axial plane

Question 23

geologic maps are used to depict

Answer 23

the orientation of geologic structures; the strike an dip of the rock units at the earth’s surface; and the rock formations exposed on the surface

Question 24

advanced warnings of tsunamis can sometimes be sent because

Answer 24

seismic waves travel faster than tsunamis

Question 25

which of the following factors remains constant and does not vary depending on tectonic setting

Answer 25

the rate of pressure increase with depth

Question 26

faults that show both strike-slip (side to side) and dip-slip (up and down) are called

Answer 26

oblique faults

Question 27

examination of two earthquake seismograms showed that the amplitude of the the S waves from the magnitude 2 quake was ________ the amplitude of the S waves from the magnitude 7 quake

Answer 27

smaller than

Question 28

two earthquake seismograms; the s waves from the magnitude 2 quake travel ____ the S waves from the magnitude 7

Answer 28

the same speed as

Question 29

principle of original horizontality

Answer 29

sediments are deposited as horizontal layers

Question 30

time scales of geologic processes can range from seconds to

Answer 30

billions of years

Question 31

a seismic observatory typically has instruments that measure _______ motions

Answer 31

up-down, horizontal north-south, and horizontal east-west

Question 32

reverse fault

Answer 32

hanging wall goes up and football goes down (put the lantern in reverse; leaving)

Question 33

normal fault

Answer 33

hanging wall goes down and footwall goes up

Question 34

crosscutting relationships

Answer 34

younger rocks will be on the top and cut through the older rock layers

Question 35

what type of seismic waves causes the most building damage

Answer 35

surface waves

Question 36

the process of crustal deformation includes

Answer 36

faulting, shearing, and folding

Question 37

an erosional surface between horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks

Answer 37

disconformity

Question 38

an erosional surface between igneous and sedimentary rocks

Answer 38

nonconformity

Question 39

at what point do we assign a series of earthquakes their categories

Answer 39

following the aftershocks

Question 40

which of the following plastic deformation forces, when applied to the edges of a layer, will not produce a fold

Answer 40

pulling apart

Question 41

when a beta particle is emitted during radioactive decay

Answer 41

atomic number increases by one

Question 42

what is a false statement about tsunamis

Answer 42

they are not produced by tidal forces; just happen to be called tidal waves

Question 43

what is a true statement about the relationship between stress and strain

Answer 43

stress is the force that causes rocks to deform or undergo strain

Question 44

the average time between large earthquake events along a fault is known as

Answer 44

the recurrence interval

Question 45

major boundaries in the geologic time scale are often put there based on significant

Answer 45

mass extictions

Question 46

rocks that undergo elastic deformation will

Answer 46

return to their original shape once the stress is released

Question 47

what is the possible depositional environment for shells found in limestone

Answer 47

shallow marine

Question 48

a diagram representing a vertical slice through the earth's crust is called a

Answer 48

geologic cross section

Question 49

what piece of evidence recently led scientists to propose that great earthquakes occur in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbian every 500-600 years?

Answer 49

geologic records of flooded dead coastal forests

Question 50

in response to deformation brittle materials will ____ and ductile materials will ____

Answer 50

fault | fold

Question 51

radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains a measurable amount of

Answer 51

both daughter and parent atoms

Question 52

the modified Mercalli intensity scale measures

Answer 52

the amount of destruction caused by an earthquake