Exam 1 Summer 17 old test

Question 1

what type of magma forms when the upper mantle undergoes decompression melting

Answer 1

mafic

Question 2

which of the following best describes and andesite

Answer 2

a fine-grained, intermediate igneous rock

Question 3

based upon the image below of the Yellowstone area, which way is the North American Plate moving

Answer 3

southwest

Question 4

as we go deeper in Earth and the pressure grows we encounter minerals with

Answer 4

more compact crystal structures

Question 5

which of the following minerals crystallizes from a magma at the lowest temperature

Answer 5

quartz

Question 6

what is the eruption temperature of basaltic lava

Answer 6

1000 to 1200 degrees celcius

Question 7

mantle plumes generate large volumes of _____ magmas

Answer 7

basaltic

Question 8

how many cleavage planes do sheet silicates tend to have

Answer 8

one

Question 9

the motion of a flowing material in which hot matter rises from the bottom and cool matter sinks from the surface is called

Answer 9

convection

Question 10

the most common rock forming minerals in the curst are

Answer 10

silicates

Question 11

the shape in which individual minerals or an aggregate of minerals grow is called

Answer 11

habit

Question 12

____ is the most common mineral or mineral group in Earth’s crust

Answer 12

feldspar

Question 13

the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks is

Answer 13

where they solidify

Question 14

what type of mineral is pyrite (FeS2) also known as fools gold

Answer 14

sulfide

Question 15

the mineral property “cleavage” refers to the

Answer 15

splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces

Question 16

which of the following pairs of intrusive and extrusive rocks have the same chemical composition

Answer 16

gabbro and basalt

Question 17

how do we know that the initial composition of the melt that the Palisades sill was mafic

Answer 17

there is basalt in the contact zone where the melt chilled

Question 18

the classification of igneous rocks is dependent on texture and the relative proportion of silicate minerals

Answer 18

silicate minerals

Question 19

in order to make a sodium (Na) chlorine (Cl) bond in NaCL

Answer 19

one electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom

Question 20

what is the term for atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Answer 20

isotopes

Question 21

if a magma undergoes fractional crystallization, the remaining magma will be

Answer 21

more felsic

Question 22

which of the following rocks is a volcanic rock made up of lithified pyroclastic material

Answer 22

tuff

Question 23

ultramafic lava flows are relatively uncommon. why is that?

Answer 23

they have a high melting point and the crustal temperature is low

Question 24

which of the following minerals is common in both felsic and mafic igneous rocks

Answer 24

plagioclase feldspar

Question 25

large crystals with well formed crystal faces tend to form when

Answer 25

minerals have space to grow

Question 26

which of the following minerals is rarely found in felsic igneous rocks

Answer 26

olivine

Question 27

the silica tetrahedra readily bonds with cations when available becasue

Answer 27

it has a net negative charge

Question 28

which of the following processes would most likely yield a granitic magma

Answer 28

partial melting of the continental crust

Question 29

what is the origin of the word "felsic" in the context of igneous rock classification

Answer 29

feldspar and silica

Question 30

the rock cycle describes how the three basic rock groups

Answer 30

form, break down, and relate to one another

Question 31

continental crust is ___ than oceanic crust

Answer 31

less dense than

Question 32

the process whereby two different magmas mix is called

Answer 32

magma mixing

Question 33

which of the following best describes a rhyolite

Answer 33

fine grained igneous rock rich in silica

Question 34

magma is by definition

Answer 34

molten rock below the surface

Question 35

most of the world's active volcanoes are located around the edge of which ocean

Answer 35

the Pacific ocean

Question 36

what mineral class is more likely to exhibit covalent bonding

Answer 36

silicates

Question 37

which of the following statements regarding the density of materials is false

Answer 37

density increases with increasing temperature F (density depends on the closeness of the atomic packing, increases with increasing pressure, and depends on the atomic weight of the ions in a mineral)

Question 38

which of the following minerals is most likely to settle to the bottom of a magma chamber

Answer 38

olivine

Question 39

approximately 50% of earth's crust is made up of which element

Answer 39

oxygen

Question 40

which of the following minerals does not exhibit cleavage

Answer 40

quartz

Question 41

which of the following lists is in the correct order of increasing silica content

Answer 41

gabbro, diorite, granite

Question 42

what type of volcanic rock contains a large number of vesicles (bubbles) that form when gases escape from the solidifying melt

Answer 42

pumice

Question 43

which of the following subatomic particles has a positive charge

Answer 43

protons

Question 44

the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 describes which of the following minerals

Answer 44

olivine

Question 45

in identical mineral structures, cations of similar sizes often substitute for each other. based on size similarities which of the following pairs would you expect to substitute most easily

Answer 45

Mg 2+ and Fe 2+

Question 46

Bowen's reaction series describes

Answer 46

the sequence in which minerals form when magmas cool

Question 47

which of the following elements is more abundant in earth's crust than in earth as a whole

Answer 47

silicon

Question 48

what type of mineral is gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O), the primary component of plaster

Answer 48

sulfate

Question 49

what would we expect to find when two oceanic lithospheres converge

Answer 49

a volcanic island arc

Question 50

what type of igneous rock would you expect to find on the continent near where oceanic and continental plates converge (volcano on continent)

Answer 50

all of the above | intermediate, mafic, and felsic

Question 51

what type of plate boundary is it when continent and ocean meet

Answer 51

convergent

Question 52

which type of igneous rock would you expect to find on the oceanic subducting plate

Answer 52

basalt

Question 53

the two most common elements in earth's crust are

Answer 53

oxygen and silicon

Question 54

what is the approximate silica content of granite

Answer 54

70%

Question 55

which of the following atomic configurations is an anion

Answer 55

(more electrons than protons) | 24 protons, 26 neutrons, and 30 electrons

Question 56

at approximately what temp do olivine and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar crystallize from a mafic melt

Answer 56

1200 degrees celcius

Question 57

rocks that form from the solidification of molten rock are called

Answer 57

igneous

Question 58

what mineral class is more likely to exhibit metallic bonding

Answer 58

native elements

Question 59

when cleaved, mica breaks through planes of

Answer 59

interlayer cations

Question 60

which of the following statements is true

Answer 60

cations are generally smaller than anions | cations are not larger than anions and they are not the same size