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EAS 2600 > Exam 1 Fall 17 old test > Flashcards

Exam 1 Fall 17 old test Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

one use of sulfides

A

mainly metallic ores

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2
Q

one use of sulfates

A

gypsum/ building materials

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3
Q

one use of phosphates

A

fertilizers

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4
Q

one use of flourite

A

hydrofluoric acid for electronic industry (semi conductor)

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5
Q

what will be the charge of an atom containing 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons

A

+2

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6
Q

fluid induced melting generates magmas in which of the following tectonic settings

A

subduction zones (think of the pictures; as something is subducted the rock is melted)

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7
Q

if a mineral is allowed to grow without space impediments then it will develop

A

crystal faces

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8
Q

which of the following minerals is most likely to settle to the bottom of a magma chamber

A

olivine

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9
Q

the atomic mass of an element is equal to the number of

A

protons plus nuetrons

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10
Q

new oceanic crust is created at

A

mid ocean ridges

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11
Q

which of the following minerals crystallizes from a magma at the lowest temperature

A

quartz

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12
Q

regions of intense localized volcanism such as Hawaii form above plumes of fast-rising material that originate in the

A

deep mantle (think of mantle plumes)

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13
Q

if a magma undergoes fractional crystallization, the remaining magma will be

A

more felsic

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14
Q

minerals with the same chemical formula but different crystal lattice structure are referred to as

A

polymorphs

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15
Q

rocks that form from the solidification of molten rock are called

A

igneous

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16
Q

what type of magma forms when mantle undergoes decompression melting? think about the type of plate boundary where this occurs

A

mafic

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17
Q

what does the symbol Na+ represent

A

a sodium cation

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18
Q

quartz exhibits what type of bonding

A

covalent

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19
Q

which of the following is not associated with convergent plate boundaries

A

spreading centers

volcanoes, earthquakes, and deep-sea trenches are associated with it

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20
Q

magma generated in the Earth’s interior rises because it is ____ than the surrounding rocks

A

less dense

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21
Q

iron and magnesium ions are similar in size and both have a +2 positive charge. Therefore, we would expect iron and magnesium to

A

substitute for each other in minerals

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22
Q

which of the following earth layers contains the least amount of iron

A

crust (think about stars; iron is the most dense)

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23
Q

how many of the oxygen atoms in the silicate tetrahedron are shared in framework silicates

A

four

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24
Q

how the surface of a mineral reflects light is referred to as

A

luster

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25
volcanic rocks derived from a hot spot get progressively older to the northeast. based on this information, in which direction is the plate moving
northeast
26
the plate tectonic system is driven by
internal heat
27
what kind of plate boundary defines the eastern edge of the plate we live on here in the US
mid ocean ridge
28
when cleaved mica breaks through planes of
interlayer cations
29
at approximately what temperature does olivine begin to crystallize from a mafic melt
1200 degrees celcius
30
which of the following statements about feldspar is false?
feldspar is a sheet silicate F | it is softer than corundum, the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust, and harder than calcite
31
an island arc forms when there is _____ convergence
ocean-ocean
32
which of the following concepts was developed earliest
continental drift (Alfred Wegner)
33
Bowen's reaction series descries
the sequence in which minerals form when magmas cools
34
the oldest continental rocks are ______ than the oldest oceanic rocks
much older
35
which of the following minerals does not exhibit cleavage? (it exhibits conchoidal fracture)
quartz
36
the two most common elements in the Earth's curst are
oxygen and silicon
37
felsic igneous rocks contain abundant ____ silicate minerals
framework
38
which of the following is associated with a divergent plate boundary
all of the above | rifting, earthquakes, and volcanism
39
how do we know that the initial composition of the melt that formed the Palisades sill was mafic
there is basalt at the top and bottom of the intrusion where the magma first cooled
40
which of the following best describes the gray igneous rock depicted in the cross section below
dike
41
solidified fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air are called
pyroclasts
42
the growth of a solid from a gas or liquid whose atoms can come together in the proper chemical proportions and crystalline arrangement is called
crystallization
43
which of the following best describes an andesite
a fine grained, felsic igneous rock
44
which of the following statements about lava is true
high temperature lavas are less viscous than low temperature lavas
45
which igneous rock is the most abundant rock of the crust and underlies virtually all of the floors of the ocean
basalt
46
mica is a common example of a _______ silicate
sheet
47
what type of mineral is pyrite (FeS2) also known as fools gold
sulfide
48
at what type of plate boundary do the deepest earthquakes occur
convergent
49
what is the term for atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
isotopes
50
which of the following statements about felsic igneous rocks is true
felsic rocks crystallize at lower temperatures than mafic rocks
51
which of the following lists is in the correct order of increasing silica content for the course grained igneous rocks
gabbro, diorite, granite
52
which of the following igneous rocks has the lowest silica content
ultramafic
53
the main type of plate boundaries are (proper names only)
convergent, transform, divergent
54
which of the following lavas will flow downhill slowest
rhyolite (felsic)
55
which of the following minerals fizzes when it coms in contat with hydrochloric acid (HCl)
calcite
56
why are isochrons on the Pacific seafloor more widely spaced than isochrons on the Atlantic seafloor
the Pacific seafloor formed at a faster spreading rate than the Atlantic seafloor
57
which of the following pairs of intrusive and extrusive rocks have the same chemical composition
gabbro and basalt
58
from the following choices, how would you distinguish diorite from granite
there is more quartz in a granite than a diorite
59
which of the following is the least reliable physical property
color
60
which of the following locations is least likely to have active volcanoes
transform fault
61
the silica tetrahedra readily bonds with cations when available because
it has a net negative charge
62
chunks of rocks that break off from country rocks and fall into magmas are called
xenoliths
63
which of the following processes would most likely yield a granitic magma
partial melting of the continental crust
64
isochrons on the seafloor are roughly ____ the ridge axis along which they were created
parallel to and symmetric about
65
magma is by defintion
molten rock below the surface
66
the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 describes which of the followins minerals
olivine
67
if the position between antennas on two plates moving away from each other changes by 10 mm/yr, then each plate is moving at approximately
5 mm/yr
68
what type of mineral is gypsum, (CaSO4-2H2O) the primary component of drywall
sulfate
69
the Appalachian Mountains formed from an ancient _____ plate boundary
convergent
70
which of the following minerals does not normally occur in granite
olivine
71
the Great Rift Valley of East Africa is an early-stage
divergent boundary
72
hardness is referred to as a mineral's
resistance to scratching
73
what type of lave is most likely to erupt at a tectonic setting where two oceanic plates are moving away from each other (mid ocean ridge)
basalt (mafic)
74
what type of lava erupts in a volcanic setting where two oceanic plates meet and one is subducted below the other
andesite and basalt
75
what type of lava erupts in a volcanic setting where a continental plate and oceanic plate meet and the oceanic is subducted
andesite, rhyolite, and basalt are possibilites
76
the classification of igneous rocks is dependent on texture and
the relative proportion of silicate minerals
77
what type of minerals is calcite (CaCO3)
carbonates

EAS 2600 (18 decks)

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