Chapter 6 : Integumentary System

Question 1

Functions of the Integumentary System

Answer 1

Protective Covering 
Control Body Temperature 
Manufactures Vitamin D 
Major Sense Organ 
Storage 
Filter 
Absorption/Excretion

Question 2

Protective Covering

Answer 2

Skin provides a protective covering for the body’s underlying tissues from dehydration (retards water loss), injury, and germ invasion

Question 3

Control Body Temperature

Answer 3

The skin controls body temperature to maintain homeostasis

Question 4

How it controls body temperature

Answer 4

Acts as an insulator
Shivering
Sweating

Question 5

Shivering

Answer 5

Contraction of muscles to create heat and pulls skin inward to conserve heat

Question 6

Sweating

Answer 6

Water loss onto the skin/when evaporates - cools the body

Question 7

Manufactures Vitamin D

Answer 7

Ultraviolet light from the sun strikes the skin and begins the first steps of vitamin D synthesis

Question 8

Vitamin D is needed for

Answer 8

Calcium absorption in the small intestine

Question 9

Calcium is needed for

Answer 9

Muscle contraction, nerve impulses, bone hardening, and proper tooth development

Question 10

Major Sense Organ

Answer 10

Sense of touch through nerve endings win skin

Question 11

Storage

Answer 11

The skin has the capability to temporarily store fat, glucose, salts, and water

Question 12

Filter

Answer 12

The skin filters out harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun

Question 13

Absorption/Excretion

Answer 13

The skin is very vascular with many capillary beds in the dermis just below the thin epidermis this allows it to absorb certain substances and excrete small amounts of waste through sweat

Question 14

Epidermis composed of

Answer 14

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Question 15

Stratum Corneum

Answer 15

Outer most layer of epidermis (part we can see)

Question 16

Stratum Corneum function

Answer 16

Gives skin tough protective barrier and water resistance

Question 17

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 17

Where Keratinization process begins

Question 18

Keratinization

Answer 18

The cytoplasm of the outermost cells harden with the protein keratin causing the cells to die

Question 19

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 19

Contains young cells awaiting keratinization and melanocytes

Question 20

Melanoctyes

Answer 20

Branching cells within the stratum spinosum that produce melanin (a pigment that give the skin and hair its color)

Question 21

Melanin

Answer 21

Functions to absorb UV rays to protect the replicating DNA of the cells below (interruption of DNA replication may cause the newly forming cells to become cancerous)

Question 22

Stratum Basale aka

Answer 22

Germinativum

Question 23

Stratum Basale

Answer 23

Layer where mitosis happens to replace dead cells lost from the stratum corneum

Question 24

Basement Membrane

Answer 24

Innermost layer of epidermis that is composed of a series of interconnecting molecules that act as hooks to hold the skin together

Question 25

Stratum lucidum

Answer 25

Is an additional layer located just below the stratum corneum making the skin thicker only on the palms and soles

Question 26

Dermis

Answer 26

Inner layer of skin composed of dense connective tissue

Question 27

Blood vessels of the dermal layer

Answer 27

Supply nourishment and oxygen to the skin cells as well as take away cellular wastes - lead to capillary beds just below the epidermis

Question 28

Nerve endings of the dermal layer

Answer 28

Send information to and from the brain to control the sensations of touch and release of secretions from glands

Question 29

Arrector Pili Muscles of the dermal layer

Answer 29

Smooth muscle that is attached to hair follicles and allowing contraction of the skin and hair for temperature control

Question 30

Hair Follicles of the dermal layer

Answer 30

Canal containing the growing "alive" area of the hair

Question 31

Sabaceous Glands of the dermal layer

Answer 31

Produce sebum to moisturize the skin and trap microbes before the enter the skin

Question 32

Sudoriferous Glands of the dermis

Answer 32

Secrete sweat, a mixture of water, water, salts, and some toxins, to control body temperature

Question 33

Hair Shaft of the dermal layer

Answer 33

Portion of the hair that project out from hair follicle and the epidermis

Question 34

Dermal Papillae of the dermal layer

Answer 34

Raised layers of the dermis push the epidermis into permanent ridges creating fingerprints

Question 35

Fingerprints Function

Answer 35

Used for gripping objects

Question 36

Creases

Answer 36

Formed from continual folding of skin

Question 37

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous) Layer

Answer 37

Deepest layer of the integumentary system composed of tissue

Question 38

Hypodermis contains

Answer 38

about 1/2 of the bodies fat content

Question 39

Hypodermis provides

Answer 39

a cushion, insulation, and a connection to the muscles under the skin