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Care and Prevention of Injuries > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Litigation regarding equipment

A

Must foresee all uses and misuses and warn user against potential risks inherent in equipment misuse

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2
Q

If equipment results in injury because of a defect or inadequacy of its intended use, who is liable?

A

the manufacturer

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3
Q

If equipment is modified, who becomes liable?

A

the modifier becomes liable

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4
Q

If an athletic trainer’s modification results in injury who becomes liable?

A

the AT and the institution are subject to a suit (tort)

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5
Q

Who established voluntary testing standards in an effort to reduce head injuries?

A

National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

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6
Q

NOCSAE helmet standard

A
  • Not a warranty
  • Indicates that helmet met requirements of performance tests when manufactured/re-conditioned
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7
Q

Helmets should undergo regular what?

A

recertification and reconditioning

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8
Q

What are examples of off-the-shelf equipment?

A

Neoprene sleeves, inserts, and ankle braces

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9
Q

Who develops standards for football helmet certification?

A

NOCSAE

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10
Q

While helmets must be certified, they may not always be what?

A

fail-safe

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11
Q

All helmets must have what visible on their exterior?

A

warning label

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12
Q

What does the warning on helmets indicate?

A

Label indicates that helmet should not be used to strike an opponent due to risk of injury

Also indicates risk of accidental injury and that athletes play at their own risk while using the helmet

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13
Q

What must athletes do to indicate that they are aware of the risks and what the label indicates?

A

The athlete reads and signs a statement regarding warning label

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14
Q

Football helmets design

A

Football helmets generally have air- or fluid-filled pockets to absorb force

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15
Q

Who approves ice hockey helmets?

A

Canadian Standards Association or the Hockey Equipment Certification Council

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16
Q

Ice hockey helmets must withstand what?

A

high velocity impacts (stick or puck) and high-mass-low-velocity impacts

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17
Q

Baseball helmets must carry what institutions label?

A

NOCSAE stamp

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18
Q

Cycling helmets are designed to do what?

A

\protect head during one single impact

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19
Q

Lacrosse helmet requirements: men and women

A

Required for all male lacrosse players

Women’s lacrosse only requires protective eye guard

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20
Q

Lacrosse helmet design

A

Made of hard plastic with wire mesh face guard

Designed to absorb repeated impact from hard, high velocity projectiles

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21
Q

How is a lacrosse goalie’s helmet different?

A

Goalie helmet add throat protector

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22
Q

Soccer headgear

A

Designed to reduce incidence of concussions due to heading ball

Consists of headband with foam padding

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23
Q

How many categories of face protection are there?

A

-four

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24
Q

Who is most at risk of throat injuries?

A

Baseball catchers, lacrosse goalies, and ice hockey goalies

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25
What are the three types of mouth guards?
Stock Commercial (formed following submersion in water) Custom (fabricated from dental mold)
26
Who usually utilizes ear guards?
Wrestling, water polo, and boxing utilize to prevent ear irritation and ultimately deformity of ears
27
When are eye and glasses guards necessary?
Necessary in sports with fast moving projectiles
28
Neck primarily serves as what?
Serve primarily as a reminder to athlete to be cautious rather than providing definitive restrictions
29
Trunk and Thorax Protection protects what parts of the body?
- External genitalia, bony protuberances, shoulders, ribs, and spine
30
What are the two types of football shoulder pads?
Cantilevered and Noncantilevered
31
Cantilevered
Bulkier and used by those engaged in blocking and tackling
32
Non cantilevered
Do not restrict motion (quarterback and receivers)
33
What are the rules of fitting for football shoulder pads?
Width of shoulders must be measured Inside of pad should cover tip of shoulder in line with lateral aspect of shoulder Epaulets and cups must cover deltoid and allow motion Neck opening must allow athlete to raise arms over head without pads sliding forward and back With split-clavicle pads, channel for top of shoulder must be in proper position Straps underneath arms should hold pads firmly in place without soft tissue restriction
34
Sports bras are designed to do what?
Most designed to minimize excessive vertical and horizontal movements that occur with running and jumping
35
To be effective sports bras must do what?
should hold breasts to chest, preventing stretching of Cooper’s ligament
36
Non-supportive bras can cause what?
rubbing and abrading of skin and nipples due to constriction
37
What are the types of sports bras?
- Compressive (Bind breasts to chest wall - for medium-size breasts) - Support (Heavy duty with additional upward support for larger breasts) - Lightweight elastic (Since compression and support is not as critical for smaller breasts)
38
Thorax and Rib Protection
Thorax protectors and rib belts Protect against external forces Air-inflated interconnected cylinders (jacket design)
39
Hips and Buttocks Protection
Required in collision and high-velocity sports Boxing, snow skiers, equestrians, jockeys, and water skiers Girdle and belt types
40
Groin and Genitalia Protection
- Sports involving high-velocity projectiles - Require cup protection for male participants - Stock item that fits into jockstrap or athletic supporter
41
Types of socks
- Cotton can be bulky - Cotton/polyblend are lighter and dry faster
42
Guidelines for shoe selection: Toes box
Space for toes (1/2 to 3/4 inch of space from toes to front of shoe)
43
Guidelines for shoe selection: Sole
Provide shock absorption and durable: - Spongy layer to absorb force - Midsole that cushions midfoot and toes - Hard rubber that contacts the ground
44
Guidelines for shoe selection: Shoe Uppers
Top of shoe made with combination of materials, designed for appropriate ventilation, drying, and support
45
Guidelines for shoe selection: Shank
Part of sole between the heel and metatarsal heads
46
Guidelines for shoe selection: Last
Form on which shoe is built; may be straight (good for pronators), semi-curved, or curved (good for supinators)
47
Guidelines for shoe selection: Arch support
Durable but soft and supportive to foot
48
Shoe fitting requirements
Should break at widest part coinciding with ball of foot Must also consider width of shank, non-yielding nature of sole and function of arch support
49
Cleated/specialty shoes
Made of polyurethane, rubber, or metal
50
Foot Orthotics
Device for correcting biomechanical problems that exist in foot that can cause injury
51
Heel Cups
Hard plastic or spongy rubber used to help compress fat pad, providing more cushion during weight bearing
52
Heel cups are used for what conditions/injuries?
Used for a variety of conditions including plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, Achilles tendonitis, and heel bursitis
53
Shin and Lower Leg protection
Anterior aspect of leg is exposed to direct blows Commercially marketed, hard molded shin guards are used in field hockey and soccer
54
Thigh and Upper Leg protection
Necessary in collision sports Pads slip into ready-made uniform pockets Neoprene sleeves can also be used for support of injuries
55
Knee Braces
Used prophylactically to prevent injuries to medial collateral ligament
56
What are the three types of knee braces?
Rehabilitative Functional Neoprene (with medial and lateral support)
57
Rehabilitative knee braces:
Widely used following surgery Allows controlled progressive immobilization Adjustable
58
Neoprene (with medial and lateral support)
Used by those who have sustained collateral ligament injuries Some are also used to provide support in those who have patellofemoral conditions
59
Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Protection
While the elbow is less commonly injured, it is susceptible to instability, contusions, and muscle strain
60
An athletic trainer should be able to design and construct what?
protective devices
61
What are the soft materials?
- Gauze - Cotton - Adhesive felt - Felt - Foam
62
Gauze
Versatile and can be used for protection or absorption
63
Cotton
Cheapest and more widely used (absorbent, holds emollients, and offers mild padding
64
Adhesive felt
(moleskin and spongy rubber)
65
Felt
- Matted wool fibers pressed in a variety of thicknesses
66
Non-Yielding Materials
Thermomoldable plastics and Casting Materials
67
Thermomoldable plastics
Used in orthotics, braces, splints, and for shielding body parts Casting, support for foot, and protection from contusions
68
Thermomoldable plastics types
Heat forming - Heat can be molded (Orthoplast) Heat plastic foams - Different densities due to the addition of liquids, gas, or crystals
69
Casting Materials
Fiberglass is the material of choice, which uses resin and catalytic converter plus water to produce hardening Effective shell for splinting and padding
70
Tools for Customizing
- Adhesives - Adhesive tapes - Heat Source - Shaping Tools - Fastening material
71
Dynamic Splints
Used for injuries to the hands and fingers Provides long duration tension on healing structures Combination of thermomoldable plastic, elastic, and Velcro

Care and Prevention of Injuries (7 decks)

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