Module 3&4 Test Flashcards by Daria Bush

Define Load

An external force acting on the body causing internal reactions within the tissues

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Define Stiffness

Ability for tissue to resist a load

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Define Stress

Internal resistance to a load

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Define Strain

Internal change in tissue resulting in deformation

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When does a Subluxation occur?

when a bone is forced out of alignment and must be manually or surgically reduced

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Define Tension

A force that pulls and stretches

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Define Shearing

A force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue

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Define Bending

A force that acts at opposite ends of a structure

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What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Rubor (redness)
Tumor (swelling)
Calor (heat)
Dolor (tenderness and pain)
Functio laesa (loss of function)

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What are the 3 types of referred pain?

Myofascial, sclerotomic, and dermatomic

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List 5 factors that impede healing.

Extent of injury
Edema
Hemorrhage
Muscle spasm
Atrophy

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Gate control occurs where?

at the level of the spinal cord

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Metaplasia

Transformation of tissue from one type to another that is not normal for that tissue

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Dysplasia

Abnormal development of tissue

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Hyperplasia

Excessive proliferation of normal cells in normal tissue arrangement

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Atrophy

Decrease in the size of tissue due to cell death and reabsorption or decreased cell proliferation

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Hypertrophy

Increase in the size of tissue without necessarily changing the number of cells

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John tries to jump a fence and scraps his knee in the process. The pain he feels can best be described as what type of pain?

Acute

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Define Stress (again)

Positive and negative forces that can disrupt the bodies equilibrium

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Which of the following are methods for coping with pain?

Consistently treating with pain medication
Using imagination to alter the painful sensation
Reducing muscle tension associated with pain-spasm cycle
Diverting attention away from the pain

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Psychological and sociological consequences of injury are not as debilitating as the physical aspects of an injury

False

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Types of stress: Eustress

Positive Stress

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Types of stress: Distress

Negative Stress

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Types of stress: Acute

Threat is immediate and response is instantaneous

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Types of stress: Chronic

leads to an increase in blood corticoids from adrenal gland

What are some psychological traits that can predispose an athlete to injury.

- Being easily distracted - Fear of Failure - Overprotective Athletes

A normal pulse rate for an adult is?

60-80

What is normal Adult Blood Pressure?

120/80

What is a normal respiration rate?

10-12 breaths per minute

Types of shock: Hypovolemic

Decreased blood volume resulting in poor oxygen transport

Types of shock: Respiratory

Lungs are unable to supply enough oxygen

Types of shock: Neurogenic

General vessel dilation that doesn't allow enough blood to flow

Types of shock: Cardiogenic

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood

Types of shock: Psychogenic

Fainting caused by reduced blood flow to the brain

Types of shock: Anaphylactic

result of severe allergic reaction

Types of shock: Septic

Result of bacterial infection

Types of shock: Metabolic

Occurs when illness goes untreated or when extensive fluid loss occurs

Primary survey

is performed to address immediate life-threatening conditions

Secondary survey

is performed to gather more information about the injury with a more detailed evaluation after the life-threatening condition has been ruled out.

True or False. Personal protective equipment (PPE) will protect employees from all exposure incidents.

False

Which of the following should NOT be done when working with sharps?

You should recap needles once it is no longer being used

Which of the following is the most effective practice in preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

Washing Hands

Hepatitis B and C attack which organ?

Liver

What organization established standards for employers to follow that govern occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens?

OSHA

Normatec Boots are a form of what?

Intermittent Compression

Thermal Conductive Energy

Cryotherapy, Heat, Whirlpool bath, Paraffin Bath, and Ice

Electrical Energy

TENS, E-STIM, Interferential Current, and Iontophoresis

Electromagnetic Energy

Shortwave Diathermy and Low-Level Laser

Sound Energy

Ultrasound and Phonophoresis

Mechanical Energy

Traction, Intermittent Compression, and Massage

A weak what leads to what?

core

An athlete should demonstrate which of the following to ensure complete recovery?

- Sport-Specific functional skills - Neuromuscular Control - Full range of motion - Strength - Mental preparedness

Components of rehabilitation

Maintain or Improve ROM Control Pain and Inflammation Restore and Increase Strength Maintain levels of cardiorespiratory fitness Re-establish neuromuscular control

An athletic trainers approach to rehabilitation begins when?

Immediately after injury

What is not a component of rehabilitation?

Assist patients with substance abuse

Drug administration forms: Inhalation

through the respiratory tract

Drug administration forms: Intradermal

into the skin

Drug administration forms: Intramuscular

directly into the muscle

Drug administration forms: Intraspinal

injected into the spine

Drug administration forms: Intravenous

Into a vein

Drug administration forms: Oral

Taken by mouth/ ingested (most common)

Drug administration forms: Sublingual/buccal

dissolvable agents placed under the tongue

Drug administration forms: Intranasal

through the nasal cavity (nose)

Pharmacology

is the branch of of science that deals with the action of drugs on the biological systems.

Drugs are absorbed through the kidneys and most commonly excreted through what?

urine

What is a chemical agent used in the prevention, treatment, or diagnosis of disease?

drug

Etiology

Cause of Injury or disease

Mechanism of Injury

subjective information, a mechanical description of how the injury occurred

Pathology

Structural and functional changes associated with the injury process

Symptoms

Perceptible changes in body or function that indicate injury or illness

Sign

Objective, definite, and obvious indicator of a specific condition

Diagnosis

Name of specific condition

Degree

Grading of injury/ condition severity

Prognosis

Prediction of condition

Syndrome

Group of symptoms and signs that together indicate a particular injury or disease.

Sequela

Condition following and resulting from a disease or injury

What does SOAP stand for?

- subjective - objective - assessment - plan

What type of diagnostic imaging is used to diagnose fractures or damage to bones?

x-ray

Module 3&4 Test Flashcards

(78 cards)