Chapter 7 Flashcards
(18 cards)
______ sources often provide H, O, and electron
______ use organic molecules as a carbon source which often serve as energy source
_____ can use a variety of carbon sources
______ only use CO2 as their principle carbon source and other sources for energy
- Carbon Sources
- heterotrophs
- heterotrophs
- autotrophs
________ use light as their energy source
_____ obtain energy from oxidation of chemical compounds
_________ use reduced inorganic substances as an electron source
_______ obtain electrons from organic compounds
- Phototrophs
- Chemotrophs
- Lithotrophs
- Organotrophs
All organisms:
use____ as energy currency
Reducing power to supply ______ for chemical reactions
Chemoorganotrophs/Chemoheterotrophs use ________, _______, and _______ to catabolize energy.
- ATP
- Electron
- Precursor
- Aerobic respiration, Anaerobic respiration, and fermentation
Most Respiration uses the _______ _____ chain.
________ respiration – final electron acceptor is oxygen
_______ respiration – final electron acceptor is different oxidized molecule such as NO3-, SO4^2-, CO2, Fe^3+, or SeO4^2-
As electrons pass through electron transport chain to final electron acceptor, ________ is generated and is used to synthesize ATP
- Electron transport chain
- Aerobic respiration
- Anaerobic respiration
- Proton Motive Force
Chemoorganotrophic fermentation uses a _______ electron acceptor instead of an electron transport chain
and ____ is synthesized only by substrate-level phosphorylation
________ energy sources are funneled into common degradative pathways in Chemoorganotrophs
- Endogenous
- ATP
- Many Different
_______ pathway includes enzymes that function both catabolically and anabolically
_______ is the process that completely catabolize a reduced organic energy source to CO2
Aerobic Respiration reduces energy sources using- ________, and ________
- Amphibolic Pathways
- Aerobic respiration
- glycolytic pathways, and TCA cycle with oxygen as the final electron acceptor
Common routes to breakdown glucose to Pyruvates are the _________, _______, and ______
- Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Doudoroff, ad Pentose phosphate pathway
________ pathway occurs in cytoplasm most of most organisms. Is the most common pathway for glucose degradation to pyruvate in stage two of aerobic respiration. Function with or without O2. and has two phases, Six-carbon and Three-carbon
Entner-Doudoroff pathway is used by ________ bacteria especially found in soil. Replaces the 6 carbon phase of the _______ pathway
_______ also called hexose monophosphate pathway can opperate at the same time as the other pathways. and can operate aerobically or anaerobically
- Embden-Meyerhof pathway
- gram-negative, Embden-Meyerhof pathway
- Pentose Phosphate
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle also known as _____ is common in ________, ______, _______, and ______. Also is a source of ______ metabolites for use in biosynthesis
The mitochondrial electron transport chain is a series of ________ that tranfer e- from NADH and FADH2 to a terminal e- acceptor O2.
Electron carriers are constantly _______
In eukaryotes the e- transport chain carriers are in the _______ _______ ________, connected by coenzyme Q and cytochrome c
_________ is accompanied by proton movement across inner mitochondrial membrane
- Krebs Cycle. Aerobic Bacteria, Archaea, free-living protists, and fungi. Precursor
- electron carriers
- recycled
- inner mitochondrial membrane
- e- tranfer
Bacterial and Archael electron transport chain is found in _______
different ________, and _______ from mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain. May also be ______ and shorter
_______ is the most widely accepted hypothesis that explains oxidative phosphorylation
- plasma membrane
- electron carriers and terminal oxidases, may be branched
- Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
Chemiosmotic Hypothesis says that:
Protons move_____ from the mitochondrial matrix as e- are transported down the chain
Protons expulsion during e- transport results in _________ of protons and charge gradient
The combined chemical and electrical potential difference make up ________ ______ ______
Proton motive forces drive ____ synthesis
- outwards
- the formation of a concentration gradient
- proton motive force(PMF)
- ATP
The maximum total yield of ATP during aerobic respiration in eukaryotes is __
under anaerobic conditions glycolysis only yields __ ATP molecules
Anaerobic Respiration uses _______ other than O2
Anaerobic respiration yields less energy because _____ of electron acceptor is less positive than _____ of O2
Denitrification-________
1.32
- 2 ATP molcules
- E0(energy), E0
- reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas
Fermentation is the ______ of NADH produced by glycolysis
Pyruvate or derivative is used as _______ electron acceptor
______ is not necessary
- Oxidation
- endogenous
- Oxygen
Carbohydrates
are ______ that are converted to other sugars that enter _____ pathway
are also _____ and _______ cleaved by hydrolases or phosphorylases
______ are a common energy source in lipid catabolism that are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids by lipases
- monosaccharides, glycolytic pathway
- disaccharides and polysaccharides
- Triglycerides
Protease: ________
Deamination:_________
- resulting organic acids converted to pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, or TCA cycle intermediate.
- Hydrolyzes protein to amino acids
- removal of amino group from amino acid
Chemolithotrophy is carried out by _____ and _______. e- released form _____ molecule energy source
Photosynthesis-________
Accessory pigments transfer light energy to _________
- bacteria and archaea, inorganic
- chemical energy converted from light
- Chlorophylls
In Anoxygenic Photosynthesis, _____ is not used as an electron source; therefore ____ is not produces
Process is carried out by _________ bacteria, ___________ bacteria, __________, and _________
- H2O, O2
- Phototrophic green bacteria, phototrophic purple bacteria, heliobacteria, and acidobacteria
Many bacteria use a type of ______ that involves Rhodopsin.
________ is generated
________ is not involved
- phototrophy
- A proton motive force
- Electron transport chain
