Chapter 7 Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
cali/o, calic/o
A
calyx (calix); cup shaped
2
Q
cyst/o
A
urinary bladder
3
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
4
Q
meat/o
A
meatus
5
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
6
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
7
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
8
Q
trigon/o
A
trigone
9
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
10
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
11
Q
vesic/o
A
urinary bladder
12
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin (protein in the blood)
13
Q
azot/o
A
nitrogen
14
Q
bacteri/o
A
bacteria
15
Q
dips/o
A
thirst
16
Q
kal/i
A
potassium
17
Q
ket/o, keton/o
A
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
18
Q
lith/o
A
stone
19
Q
natr/o
A
sodium
20
Q
noct/o
A
night
21
Q
olig/o
A
scanty
22
Q
-poietin
A
substance that forms
23
Q
py/o
A
pus
24
Q
-tripsy
A
crushing
25
ur/o
urine (urea)
26
urin/o
urine
27
-uria
urination; urine condition
28
urea, creatinine, uric acid
nitrogenous wastes
29
kidneys
maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes and acids in body fluids, degrade and eliminate hormones from bloodstream
30
electrolytes
small molecules that conduct an electrical charge
31
home/o
sameness
32
renin
raises blood pressure, enzyme produced by kidneys
33
erythropoietin
stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow, hormone produced by kidneys
34
calciferol
active form of vitamin D, helps with the absorption of calcium from intestines, secreted by kidneys
35
cortex
outer part of the kidney
36
medulla
inner part of the kidney
37
hilum
depression on the medial border of the kidney, blood vessels and nerves
38
ureter
carry urine from kidneys to bladder
39
urinary bladder
temporary reservoir for urine
40
trigone
triangular region at the base of the bladder where ureters enter and urethra exits
41
urethra
carries urine from bladder to outside of body
42
urinary meatus
external opening of urethra
43
catheter
helps when a patient cannot empty their bladder, inserted in urethra to help drain urine
44
glomerulus
collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball, very tiny coiled and intertwined smaller blood vessels, filter
45
renal tubule
attached to glomerulus, reabsorption of water, sugar and salts back into the bloodstream through tiny capillaries
46
nephron
combination of a glomerulus and a renal tubule
47
renal pelvis
basin-like area in central part of the kidney
48
calyces
small, cup like regions of the renal pelvis
49
colic
intermittent spams of pain caused by inflammation and distention of an organ
50
ileal conduit
after cystectomy, forms a pouch from the ileum in place of the bladder to carry urine out of the body
51
stricture
abnormal narrowing of an opening or passageway
52
vesicle
small blister on the skin
53
microalbuminuria
leakage of very small amount of albumin through the glomeruli
54
BUN test
blood urine nitrogen test, measurement of urea levels in blood, normally low
55
UTI
urinary tract infection
56
C&S
culture and sensitivity test
57
enuresis
bed wetting
58
in-
not
59
tin
to hold together
60
con-
together
61
micro vs gross hematuria
microscope vs blind eye
62
urinanalysis
color, appearance (turbid = pus or bacteria), pH (alkaline = bacteria), protein (albumin = leak in glomeruli), glucose (diabetes mellitus), specific gravity (amount of wastes, solids and minerals), ketone bodies (ketones), sediment and casts (pathologic condition), PKU (phenylketonuria), bilirubin (liver disease)
63
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
64
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
65
interstitial cells
found in addition to the main functional cells, nephrons
66
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones (renal calculi)
67
nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
68
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
multiple fluid-filled sacs/cysts within and on the kidney
69
edema
swelling caused by too much fluid in tissue spaces
70
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
71
parenchyma
essential and distinctive tissue in an organ
72
renal cell carcinoma
cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
73
renal failure
decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function, acute (ARF) or chronic (CRF)
74
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
classifies renal failure severity by level of creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
75
renal hypertension
high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease (secondary hypertension)
76
essential or primary hypertension
no obvious underlying medical condition
77
Wilms tumor
malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
78
bladder cancer
malignant tumor of the bladder
79
diabetes insipidus
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or resistance of kidney to ADH (prevents water from being reabsorbed into the blood)
80
diabetes mellitus
type 1 and type 2, insulin is not secreted adequately (type 1) or tissue is resistant to insulin (type 2)
81
creatinine clearance
measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney (GFR), usually low
82
CT urography
x-ray images from CT scan show multiple cross sections of kidney
83
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder, x-ray without contrast
84
renal angiography
x-ray without contrast of blood vessels in kidneys
85
retrograde pyelogram
RP, x-ray of renal pelvis and ureters after contrast injected into ureters
86
voiding cystourethrogram
VCUG, x-ray of bladder and urethra while patient is voiding
87
ultrasonography
imaging using high frequency sound waves
88
radioisotope scan
image of kindey obtained after injecting radioisotope into bloodstream
89
MRI urography
magnetic field pictures of kidney and surrounding structure
90
cystoscopy
direct visualization of bladder and urethra with endoscope (flexible or rigid)
91
dialysis
process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from blood, used in renal failure, hemo (HD) (kidney machine takes waste out of blood and returns it back to body), peritoneal (PD) (CAPD) (catheter into the peritoneal cavity)
92
lithotripsy
break up kidney stones, crushed, shock waves
93
renal angioplasty
dilation of narrowed renal arteries
94
renal biopsy
removal of kidney tissue for examination
95
renal transplantation
surgical transfer of kidneys
96
urinary catheterization
tube inserted through urethra to drain urine
