Chapter 7

Question 1

Which macromolecule forms the main component of cell membranes?

Answer 1

Phospholipids

Question 2

Carbohydrates in cell membrane

Answer 2

Glycolipid= carbohydrate attached
to a lipid

Glycoprotein= carbohydrate linked to a protein

Lipids, proteins, and Carbs are present and active in the cell membrane

Question 3

Cell membranes are made of two layers of lipids
3 main benefits

Answer 3

1. Separate cells from the external environment
2. Define compartments of eukaryotic cells
3. Heat insulation and waterproofing

Question 4

Phospholipids and cell membranes(Combination)

Answer 4

Phospholipids = Phosphate head+ Two fatty acids (joined by glycerol)

Question 5

Molecules that pass most easily

Answer 5

Small
Uncharged
NonPolar
Lipid-Soluble
Sugar, *water and ions do not pass through easily

Question 6

Membrane Lipids are fluid (why)

Answer 6

Membrane Lipids are considered fluid due to their ability to move/float(change)

Degree of fluidity depends on composition of the membrane

Longer fatty tail acid = less fluid

Question 7

Proteins in cell membrane

Answer 7

Transport Protein=Allow ions or other molecules into the cell

Receptor Protein=Allow the cell to receive signals from the environment

Enzymes are present all throughout membrane to speed up reactions

Question 8

Static vs Temporary Proteins

Answer 8

Integral membrane proteins- permanently attached to the membrane as an anchor

Peripheral membrane proteins- temporarily attached to assist with structure of the membrane
depending on the necessary tasks

Question 9

Passive Transport

Answer 9

The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

Question 10

Diffusion(3 things)

Answer 10

1.High Concentration —> Low Concentration
2.Does not require any cellular energy
3.Diffusion takes place in every solution

Question 11

Facilitated Diffusion

3 things

Answer 11

1.Allows molecules to pass through a specialized channel
2.Two types of transport proteins(Channel and Carrier Proteins)
3.Still considered diffusion-no energy

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 13

Osmotic Pressure=Tonicity

Answer 13

1.Net movement of water out of or into a cell
2.Exerts a force known as osmotic pressure
3.Leads to Shrinking and Swelling of cells

Question 14

3 types of solutions and cells

Answer 14

1.Isotonic means concentration inside = concentration outside

2.Hypotonic means concentration outside < concentration inside

3.Hypertonic means concentration outside > concentration inside

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

1.Movement of materials against a concentration gradient
2.From low to high concentration
3.Active transport requires energy

1.Carried out by protein pumps found in the cell membrane
2.Energy used ATP Adenosine- Triphosphate
3.ATP formed from the process of cell respiration

Question 16

Endocytosis(What are the food and liquids)

Answer 16

The process of taking material into the cell

Phagocytosis = food
Pinocytosis = liquids

Question 17

Exocytosis

Answer 17

Materials are leaving the cell