chapter 7 Flashcards by Emma McCrory

Thirty-five percent of China’s population will be elderly in 2030 because births have Blank______ and life expectancy has Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

risen; risen

declined; risen

declined; declined

risen; declined

declined; risen

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As of 2022, the rate of growth for the human population was about Blank______ percent per year.

Multiple choice question.

0.08

1.08

2.71

12.4

1.08

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The study of vital statistics about a group of people is called _______.

demography

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When did the worldwide human population reach 1 billion people for the first time?

Multiple choice question.

1054

1492

1804

2000

1804

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As of 2022, the world’s human population was approximately:

Multiple choice question.

502 million.

2.5 billion.

8 billion.

42 billion.

8 billion.

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The largest portion of the elderly in 2030 will be in the country of ____ because of low birth rates and rising life expectancies.

China

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Identify the factors listed below that have historically limited human population growth.

Multiple select question.

Certain cultural taboos and practices

Famines

Diseases

A lack of carbon-based foods in the diet

Inadequate concentration of atmospheric oxygen

Certain cultural taboos and practices

Famines

Diseases

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The vital statistics about people, including births, deaths, where they live, and total population size are known as Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

sociology

census

democracy

demographics

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Identify some of the factors that led to rapid human population growth after 1600 C.E.

Multiple select question.

The use of prenatal ultrasound

Improved sailing and navigational skills

Agricultural developments

Better health care and hygiene

Improved sailing and navigational skills

Agricultural developments

Better health care and hygiene

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What developments started to lead to an increase in the growth rate of the human population around 10,000 years ago?

Multiple choice question.

Improved sanitation methods for human and household waste

The discovery of many medicinal plants and dietary supplements

The invention of fishing and hunting

The invention of agriculture and the domestication of animals

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Thomas Malthus believed excess population growth leads to social problems, whereas Karl ______ believed that excess population was the result, not the source, of other problems.

Marx

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In 1804, the worldwide human population reached Blank______ people for the first time.

Multiple choice question.

5 billion

1 billion

1 trillion

100 million

1 billion

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What do technological optimists believe? That we Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

should control people’s use of resources with monitoring devices

can invent strategies or alternatives to resources that are limited

should find other places to live besides Earth

can invent strategies or alternatives to resources that are limited

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Thirty-five percent of China’s population will be elderly in 2030 because births have Blank______ and life expectancy has Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

risen; risen

risen; declined

declined; risen

declined; declined

declined; risen

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Using the I = PAT formula, you would expect to observe Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

all industrialized countries having an equal environmental impact

poor nations having a greater impact than wealthy nations

an individual American having a greater impact than an entire African village

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What cultural practices and taboos limited population growth in early societies?

Multiple select question.

Abstinence

Avoiding pork

Smoking during ceremonies

Infanticide

Abstinence

Infanticide

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A major negative side of the rich lifestyle in modern China, North America, and Europe is the disastrous impact it can have on Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

the empowerment of women

human rights

population size

the environment

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Which statement below correctly identifies why the human population started to grow rapidly after 1600 C.E.?

Multiple choice question.

Major technological developments in agriculture, transportation, power, and health care occurred around 1600 C.E.

China and the Korean Peninsula were settled for the first time just prior to 1600 C.E.

Populations could finally expand poleward as the ice age ended a few years before 1600 C.E.

Africa was settled for the first time just prior to 1600 C.E.

Major technological developments in agriculture, transportation, power, and health care occurred around 1600 C.E.

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Select from the list below a positive outcome of a growing human population.

Multiple choice question.

With more humans, we will spread our populations into new regions of the planet that were previously uninhabited.

With more humans, there is the potential for more ideas about how to fix potential problems we create, as fields become more specialized.

With more humans, there are more mouths to feed, driving a larger market for food.

With more humans, there is the potential for more ideas about how to fix potential problems we create, as fields become more specialized.

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Match the population theory/belief with the correct individual associated with it.

Thomas Malthus
Karl Marx

Thomas Malthus: Human populations continue to increase despite insufficient resources, leading to starvation, crime, and misery.
Karl Marx: When people are oppressed and impoverished, high birth rates occur.

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A person who believes that we can overcome resource shortages associated with a large human population by inventing or finding alternatives is a technological _____.

optimist or optimists

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Which of the following correctly summarizes the I = PAT formula?

Multiple choice question.

Industrialization (I) is the product of population size (P), multiplied by available resources (A), multiplied by technology (T).

Environmental impacts (I) are the product of productivity (P), multiplied by available resources (A), multiplied by technological advances (T).

Environmental impacts (I) are the product of population size (P), multiplied by affluence (A), multiplied by technology (T).

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Modern life in North America, China, and Europe has led to an increase in resource consumption. If the rest of the world lived this way, it would result in Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

a population boom

cheaper fuel sources

disastrous environmental impacts

a global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions

disastrous environmental impacts

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Which of the following is a negative aspect of a growing human population?

Multiple choice question.

Resource depletion

Larger markets

Mass production

Larger workforce

Resource depletion

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BIDE, or births + Immigration – deaths – emigration, are the factors affecting change in Blank______. Multiple choice question. child mortality rates population size family planning the baby boom

population size

The net change in population per year is the Blank______. Multiple choice question. crude birth rate total fertility rate total growth rate

total growth rate

What is the rule of 70 used for? Multiple choice question. Calculating the doubling time of a population Determining the total growth rate Estimating population momentum

Calculating the doubling time of a population

Population momentum is the increase in population size that occurs after Blank______. Multiple choice question. immigration is limited to match emigration the crude death rate has been lowered growth rate begins to decline an increase in the carrying capacity has been achieved

growth rate begins to decline

The number of births that occur in a year per thousand people is the ____ birth rate

crude

Factors affecting changes in population size are summarized as BIDE, or Births + _____ – Deaths – ______.

Immigration emigration

The crude death rate (or crude mortality rate) is the number of deaths Blank______. Multiple choice question. per thousand persons in any given year before reproductive age is reached per thousand persons per year divided by the number of births per million that occurs in the reproducing part of the population in any given year

per thousand persons in any given year

The percent of people added to a population during a year is the total ____ rate.

growth

Illness, culture, and religion are just some factors that affect the total _____ rate of a woman in a traditional society.

fertility

You can estimate the doubling time of a population by dividing _____ by the annual growth rate.

The replacement fertility rate is ____, not 2.0, children per woman because some couples don't have children and some infants die soon after they are born.

2.1

Which of the following regions was the only one that did not have a declining fertility rate in the past 50 years? Multiple choice question. South America The Middle East Sub-Saharan Africa Southeast Asia Central America

Sub-Saharan Africa

The population growth that continues for a few generations despite having a replacement birth rate is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. demographic gravity a baby wagon population momentum birth inertia

population momentum

What is "crude" about the crude birth rate? Multiple choice question. It is not adjusted for population characteristics. It is not based on actual numbers; it's an estimate. It's a subjective measurement that is calculated in different ways with various parameters.

It is not adjusted for population characteristics.

Currently about 100 of the world's 220 countries have a ____ rate of 2.1 children or less per couple.

replacement, birth, or fertility

The number of deaths per thousand in a given year for a population is known as the Blank______ rate. Multiple choice question. reaper's death raw death crude death replacement

crude death

The total fertility rate of a woman in traditional societies is strongly affected by Blank______. Multiple choice question. access to Technology her education and access to birth control food shortages and illness

food shortages and illness

The replacement rate (in which people just replace themselves) must be greater than 2 because Blank______. Multiple choice question. the average life expectancy is increasing (overall) many religions discourage the use of family planning fertility treatments lead to multiple births and twin births occur naturally some children do not survive, some couples do not have children, and some people are infertile

some children do not survive, some couples do not have children, and some people are infertile

Rank the areas by total fertility, with the highest on the top. Drag and drop application. Europe Middle East South America North America Africa

Africa Middle East South America North America Europe

A replacement rate of 2.1 children or less per couple is the projected replacement rate for the year 2050 in Blank______ of the world's countries. Multiple choice question. about half just a few all all but a few

all but a few

Illness, culture, and religion are just some factors that affect the total _____ rate of a woman in a traditional society.

fertility

What two countries will switch places soon for the number 1 and 2 spots of most populous? Multiple select question. China United States India Indonesia Nigeria

China India

A demographic transition pattern is used to link falling death and birth rates to an increase in social and _____ development.

economic

True or false: The human life span has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution.

False

Life span is the Blank______ age to which a species is known to survive. Multiple choice question. average oldest youngest

oldest

Due to advances in nutrition, sanitation, medicine, and access to clean water, life expectancy has Blank______ in the past 100 years. Multiple choice question. dramatically improved slightly decreased slightly improved

dramatically improved

Choose the four most populous countries (2018) from the list below. Multiple select question. Nigeria United States Brazil Indonesia China India

United States Indonesia China India

Identify the statement below that accurately describes the correlation between annual income and life expectancy. Multiple choice question. Life expectancy is negatively correlated with annual income after about the first (U.S.)$1,000. There is no correlation between life expectancy and annual income. There is a one-to-one positive correlation between life expectancy and annual income up to (U.S.)$100,000. There is a good (positive) correlation between annual income and life expectancy up to about (U.S.)$10,000.

There is a good (positive) correlation between annual income and life expectancy up to about (U.S.)$10,000.

Demographic Blank______ patterns show a connection between birth and death rates and economic development. Multiple choice question. transition immigration emigration

transition

The number of nonworking compared to working individuals in a population is the Blank______. Multiple choice question. dependency ratio pronatalist pressure demographic transition immigration factor

dependency ratio

Which of the following are statements that would apply to the definition of life span? Multiple select question. No known sea turtle has ever lived past 250 years. In the early 1900s in the United States, the average age of death was 45 years old. Today in the United States people live on average to be 77.5 years old. The oldest living human was recorded to have lived to the age of 122 years.

No known sea turtle has ever lived past 250 years. The oldest living human was recorded to have lived to the age of 122 years.

The oldest age to which a species is known to survive is life _____, while the average age of death is life ____.

span expectancy

A factor that increases someone's desire to have children is a(n) _____ pressure.

pronatalist

Life expectancy increases with all the following except Blank______. Multiple choice question. income nutrition latitude sanitation

latitude

True or false: One significant factor that seems to be closely tied to achieving population stability is empowering women.

True

An annual income above (U.S.)$10,000 is not correlated with longer life expectancy. The correlation between life expectancy and annual income tops out at about Blank______ years for men and Blank______ for women. Multiple choice question. 45; 54 61; 72 75; 85 84; 91

75; 85

The "baby boom" refers to Blank______. Multiple choice question. the environmental effects that accompanied the last doubling of the earth's population a small rise in the birth rate in the 1980s the post–World War II high birth rate that lasted until the early 1960s the high birth rate that occurred in Brazil after television viewing became popular

the post–World War II high birth rate that lasted until the early 1960s

What two groups are compared to calculate the dependency ratio? Multiple select question. Number of nonworking individuals Number of people under the age of 18 Number of working individuals Number of people with a college diploma Number of people with a high school diploma

Number of nonworking individuals Number of working individuals

The way couples manage the number and spacing of their offspring is known as _____ planning.

family

Approximately 200 million women in developing countries lack access to _____ that they desire, which has a large affect on many aspects of their lives, most notably their family size. (Use just one word for your answer.)

contraception or contraceptives

Something that increases people's desire to have children is called a Blank______. Multiple choice question. dependency ratio pronatalist pressure demographic transition

pronatalist pressure

Countries that have low birth rates below replacement rates may need to gain people through ____ to boost the economy.

immigration

One of the best ways to improve child survival is to Blank______. Multiple choice question. pass environmental laws spread major religions encourage a plant-based diet improve women's rights

improve women's rights

China's one-child policy to control the population size has Blank______. Multiple choice question. just started been successful not been successful

been successful

After World War II, the U.S. government encouraged women to leave their wartime jobs and stay at home. Reunited couples started new families and the result was a rise in the birth rate called the "baby ____."

boom

What constitutes family planning in the context of population? Multiple select question. Couples choosing to have as many children as possible Couples having control of their reproductive lives Couples having two children by unplanned chance alone Couples determining the number and spacing of their children

Couples choosing to have as many children as possible Couples having control of their reproductive lives Couples determining the number and spacing of their children

What is the general trend for contraception worldwide? Multiple choice question. Most women have the contraception they need. There is a large unmet need everywhere. There is a large unmet need in developing countries.

There is a large unmet need in developing countries.

Which of the following is not a consequence of a birth rate below replacement rates (a birth dearth)? Multiple choice question. Falling immigration (lack of new people entering the country) Declining social system (fewer workers and taxpayers) Falling economic power (lack of workers) Falling military strength (lack of soldiers)

Falling immigration (lack of new people entering the country)

China's one-child policy worked at controlling the population growth, but now China has a problem in that Blank______. Multiple choice question. there are too many girls relative to boys in the next generation there will be a shortage of females in the next generation the population momentum will push them over 2 billion people by 2050

there will be a shortage of females in the next generation

The "baby boom" refers to Blank______. Multiple choice question. a small rise in the birth rate in the 1980s the post–World War II high birth rate that lasted until the early 1960s the environmental effects that accompanied the last doubling of the earth's population the high birth rate that occurred in Brazil after television viewing became popular

the post–World War II high birth rate that lasted until the early 1960s

The four conditions necessary for a demographic transition depend heavily on supporting what group of people? Multiple choice question. Elderly Men Children Women

Women

70 million people were displaced by politics, persecution, war, and economics in 2019; 41 million of them moved Blank______ Multiple choice question. to a new country within their own country

within their own country

There will likely be mass migrations of ______ refugees in the near future due to water shortages, droughts, rising sea levels, and economic collapses. (Use just one word for your answer.)

climate or environmental

Identify a realistic reason below to be pessimistic about slowing population growth. Multiple choice question. Poor countries are trapped at zero population growth and cannot reduce their populations further. Pronatalist pressures have been decreasing worldwide and that may lead to a "baby boom." Poorer countries may be caught in a "demographic trap" that prevents them from escaping the middle phase of a demographic transition. Richer countries are providing food aid to poorer countries allowing more people to survive to become parents themselves.

Poorer countries may be caught in a "demographic trap" that prevents them from escaping the middle phase of a demographic transition.

Lifeboat ethics suggests that if the poor move into the "boat" of the rich, Blank______. Multiple choice question. the boat will sink and everyone will drown some of the rich will need to get out the boat will get larger and everyone will benefit

the boat will sink and everyone will drown

A demographic transition depends on four categories of improvement, which are: Blank______. Multiple select question. working conditions housing space access to birth control confidence children will survive to maturity status of women standard of living

access to birth control confidence children will survive to maturity status of women standard of living

Why is focusing too narrowly on overpopulation not a good social justice solution? Multiple select question. It encourages population increase. It encourages racism. It encourages hatred of the poor.

It encourages racism. It encourages hatred of the poor.

How many people were displaced by politics, persecution, war, and economics in 2019? Multiple choice question. 400,000 5 million 70 million

70 million

Some of the world's poorest countries had rich resources before they were exploited and depleted by Blank______. Multiple choice question. natural disasters refugees colonialism

colonialism

In the near future, the number of Blank______ refugees will likely rise dramatically, more so than any other type of refugees. Multiple choice question. economic environmental war

environmental

The suggested growth projection for humans is likely to be around 9 to 10 billion people by 2050. Why would the human population not continue to grow at a constant rate taking us to over 12 billion people by 2050? Multiple select question. Successful family planning programs Increases in agricultural output Increases in worldwide contraceptive use Increases in child and infant mortality rates

Successful family planning programs Increases in worldwide contraceptive use

If poorer countries are unable to complete modernization, what is the likely effect? Multiple choice question. Populations would rapidly hit zero population growth as they are unable to build enough housing for a growing population. Populations would likely grow until catastrophe intervenes. Their population growth rate would gradually slow as the people realize the current path they are on is not sustainable.

Populations would likely grow until catastrophe intervenes.

Identify the possible reasons to be optimistic about stabilizing the world population. Multiple select question. A demographic transition may currently be under way around the world. Many countries have had remarkable success in population control. Fertility rates have been rising worldwide. The desire for large families is increasing thanks to popular television shows.

A demographic transition may currently be under way around the world. Many countries have had remarkable success in population control.

The idea that if the rich help the poor, the poor will just reproduce more successfully and threaten everyone's access to natural resources is called ____ ethics.

lifeboat

What constitutes social justice? (More than one answer may be correct) Multiple select question. A fair share of social benefits for everyone Forcing sterilizations to reduce population growth Supporting the rights of other species to exist Fighting for the rights of oppressed people

A fair share of social benefits for everyone Supporting the rights of other species to exist Fighting for the rights of oppressed people

Many poor countries such as Haiti and India had rich resources that supported the development of rich, _____ countries.

colonial

Which of the following claims would support the statement, "Most demographers believe that world population will stabilize sometime in the twenty-first century"? Multiple choice question. Access to birth control is difficult or outright forbidden in many Muslim countries. Global warming and environmental degradation will prevent further growth in the human population. About half of the world's married couples used some family planning techniques in 2000 compared to only 10 percent 30 years earlier.

About half of the world's married couples used some family planning techniques in 2000 compared to only 10 percent 30 years earlier.

Falling fertility rates, growing prosperity, and the social reforms that accompany development are reasons to be Blank______. Multiple choice question. worried about the population because these are expected to cause an increase in population optimistic about population because these are expected to cause a decrease in population

optimistic about population because these are expected to cause a decrease in population

chapter 7 Flashcards

(92 cards)