Chapter 7

Question 1

Variance

Answer 1

Statistical measure of the dispersion of trait values about their mean

Question 2

Phenotypic plasticity

Answer 2

Same genotype expresses different phenotypes depending on environment; depends on individual

Question 3

Stabilizing selection

Answer 3

Loses extremes; narrow graph around mean

Question 4

Directional selection

Answer 4

Towards one extreme; graph shift towards one end

Question 5

Disruptive selection

Answer 5

Towards extremes; graph separates in middle. Common with speciation

Question 6

Selection differential

Answer 6

(S) Measure of the strength of phenotypic selection; difference between mean of all members and the individuals reproducing

Question 7

Response to selection

Answer 7

(R) response to selection

Question 8

Quantitative trait loci

Answer 8

Stretches of DNA that are correlated with variation in a phenotypic trait

Question 9

MC1R gene

Answer 9

Encodes receptor that triggers production of pigment (melanin)

Question 10

Reaction norm

Answer 10

Pattern of phenotypic expression of a single genotype across a range of environments

Question 11

Quantitative genetics

Answer 11

Study of continuous phenotypic traits and their underlying evolutionary mechanisms