Chapter 7

Question 1

A diligent investigation of a program’s characteristics and merits.

Answer 1

Program evaluation

Question 2

Individuals, groups or organizations that can affect or are affected by an evaluation process and/or its findings.

Answer 2

Stakeholders

Question 3

This provides credible and relevant information concerning a program’s theoretical framework, design, activities, and operation.

Answer 3

Formative evaluation

Question 4

This provides credible, valid information concerning the program’s outcomes, impact, and effectiveness.

Answer 4

summative evaluation

Question 5

Evaluations tend to be conducted around 5 main focus areas:

Answer 5

Needs assessment
Program Theory
Program Implementation
Program Impact
Program Efficiency

Question 6

Theories that explain the cause and effect links between the problems, program activities, and outcomes.

Answer 6

Logic models

Question 7

Focus on the long-term effects of a program or process, establishing cause and effect relationships between the program and the outcomes or changes in the social problem or need.

Answer 7

Outcome evaluations

Question 8

Assess the immediate effects of a program or process on the target population and typically measure the achievement of program objectives.

Answer 8

Impact evaluations

Question 9

Used to examine the costs and benefits of programs in terms of quality of their operations and the outcomes they produce.

Answer 9

Efficiency evaluations

Question 10

The main objective of _______ ________ is to provide stakeholders with information that leads to a deeper understanding and working definition of the social problem or need.

Answer 10

needs assessment

Question 11

This focuses on working with stakeholders to construct a clear description of how a program is intended to work.

Answer 11

Program theory evaluation

Question 12

This provides information on the actual operation of the program.

Answer 12

Program implementation evaluation

Question 13

This involves the identification of key outcomes, and the systematic practice of collecting data to inform the stakeholders of the program’s effectiveness in reaching these outcomes.

Answer 13

Program monitoring

Question 14

______ ______ attempt to measure program effects and have a summative purpose.

Answer 14

Impact evaluations

Question 15

This focuses on the merit or worth of a program from the standpoint of its financial benefits and costs.

Answer 15

program efficiency evaluation

Question 16

This advocates the use of different approaches to evaluation based on important information such as the nature of the program being evaluated, the context of the evaluation, the informational needs and intended use of the evaluating results by stakeholders, programmatic resources, and the specific evaluation questions.

Answer 16

contingency perspective

Question 17

What are the approaches to Program evaluation?

Answer 17

Objectives approach
Managerial approach
Participatory approach
Utilization-Focused approach
Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach

Question 18

This approach emphasizes the determination of the achievement of stated goals and objectives in the program design.

Answer 18

Objectives approach

Question 19

Some models that emphasize objectives approach are:

Answer 19

Tylerian approach
Discrepancy Evaluation
Metfessel and Michael’s Evaluation Paradigm

Question 20

This approach includes examining program objectives as well as looking beyond programmatic outcomes and views the informational needs of managers as a critical aspect of evaluation.

Answer 20

managerial approach

Question 21

Referred to as formative evaluation, this assesses, analyzes and documents the development and implementation of a program or strategy to determine if the program activities were conducted as planned

Answer 21

process evaluation

Question 22

This approach uses language or narrative as raw data in order to study people’s thoughts, experiences, and perspectives.

Answer 22

qualitative approach

Question 23

This approach uses numbers as raw data in order to test hypotheses and establish cause-effect relationships.

Answer 23

quantitative approach

Question 24

This approach emphasizes the formative purpose of evaluation. Considers information needs of all stakeholder groups.

Answer 24

Participatory approach

Question 25

Examples of participatory approach include _______ ________, ________, and _________ evaluations.

Answer 25

Utilization Focused, Responsive, and Empowerment

Question 26

The premise of this is that the results of evaluative processes should be judged by their utility, usability, and use or actual application of the findings.

Answer 26

utilization-focused approach

Question 27

This approach focuses on organizational and program assets as opposed to the identification of problems and deficits.

Answer 27

Appreciative inquiry (AI) approach

Question 28

What are the 5 principles of AI approach?

Answer 28

``` Constructivist principle Simultaneity principle Poetic principle Anticipatory principle Positive principle ```

Question 29

Constructivist principle

Answer 29

acceptance that multiple realities exist

Question 30

Simultaneity principle

Answer 30

inquiry and change are simultaneous and therefore inquiry is intervention

Question 31

Poetic principle

Answer 31

organization or program is continuously authoring its own story and can take the plot line in any direction at any time

Question 32

Anticipatory principle

Answer 32

image an organization or program has about its future guides its current actions

Question 33

Positive principle

Answer 33

focusing on positive experiences, participants become more motivated, inspired and engaged

Question 34

The most common method for conducting AI approach.

Answer 34

4D model (Discovery, Dream, Design, and Destiny)

Question 35

Observable and measurable milestones toward an outcome target

Answer 35

indicators

Question 36

Quantitative approaches fall into these three broad categories:

Answer 36

Non-experimental design Quasi-experimental design Experimental design

Question 37

This involves participants serving as their own controls. Evaluation measures are gathered on participants before and after the intervention program.

Answer 37

non-experimental designs

Question 38

This compares two groups. The group that is receiving the intervention is matched to a population that is similar demographically but is not receiving the program.

Answer 38

quasi-experimental designs

Question 39

This randomly assigns people to two groups. One group receives an intervention and the other does not. Data collected from both groups.

Answer 39

experimental designs

Question 40

Ways to collect qualitative data:

Answer 40

Interviews, focus groups, observation, and review of documents.

Question 41

Refers to using evaluation results to inform action.

Answer 41

Instrumental use

Question 42

Refers to the impact of evaluation processes on decision makers' thought processes about a current or future program.

Answer 42

Conceptual use

Question 43

Occurs when cognitive and behavioral changes result as a function of participating in the evaluation process

Answer 43

Process use

Question 44

Use of evaluation data for political gain

Answer 44

symbolic use