Chapter 7 - excretory system

Question 1

Afferent arteriole

Answer 1

Blood vessel that enters an organ

Question 2

Collecting duct

Answer 2

Tube in the kidney that collects filtrate from several nephrons

Question 3

Deamination

Answer 3

The removal of the amino group from an amino acid molecule - happens in the liver. Amino group is converted to ammonia which is rapidly combined with CO2 to form urea. Molecule that’s left is converted into a carbohydrate.

Question 4

Creatinine

Answer 4

A waste product from the break down of muscles

Question 5

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 5

Convoluted tubule after the loop of Henle. The convoluted tubules of several nephrons join at a l collecting duct.

Question 6

Efferent arteriole

Answer 6

The blood vessel that leaves the glomerulus

Question 7

Excretion

Answer 7

Removal of the wastes of metabolism from the bloodstream

Question 8

Filtrate

Answer 8

Fluid remaining after filtration has taken place

Question 9

Glomerular capsule

Answer 9

Double walled cup structure at the end of each kidney tubule that surrounds the glomerulus. collects water and the dissolved substances from the blood

Question 10

Glomerular filtration

Answer 10

Filtration of blood in the kidneys. Happens in the glomerular corpuscle. Fluid is forced out of the blood in the glomerulus and is collected in the glomerular capsule.

Question 11

Glomerulus

Answer 11

Tightly coiled mass of capillaries that are surrounded by the glomerular capsule

Question 12

Kidneys
- functions
- through

Answer 12

Principal excretory organs of the human body. Functions are to rid the body of wastes especially nitrogenous wastes like urea and to regulate the balance of water, salt and pH. Through GF, SR and TS

Question 13

Liver

Answer 13

Organ that is part of the excretory system. Where deamination occurs producing ammonium that is converted to urea as well as a molecule that is converted into a carbohydrate

Question 14

Excretory system

Answer 14

Removes (excretes) waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream to regulate the internal environment. Lungs, skin, urinary sysetm (kidney, Ureters, Urethra, bladder)

Question 15

Digestive system

Answer 15

Breaking down food that can be absorbed in the body as well as eliminating indigestible waste.

Question 16

Loop of Henle

Answer 16

U shaped section of the kidney tubule. Plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate.

Question 18

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 18

Capillaries in the kidney that surround the convoluted tubules of the nephron, loop of Henle and the collecting duct

Question 19

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 19

First convoluted tubule in the nephron tubule, located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of Henle

Question 20

Renal artery

Answer 20

Blood vessel that transports blood to the kidney

Question 21

Renal capsule

Answer 21

Tough fibrous layer made of connective tissue that surrounds the kidney

Question 22

Renal column

Answer 22

Divides the renal medulla into renal pyramids

Question 23

Renal corpuscle

Answer 23

Filtration structure of the nephron composed of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Question 24

Renal cortex

Answer 24

Outer part of the kidney

Question 25

Renal medulla

Answer 25

Inner part of the kidney

Question 26

Renal pelvis

Answer 26

Cavity of the kidney that collects urine before it passes to the ureter

Question 27

Renal pyramid

Answer 27

Section of the renal medulla

Question 28

Renal tubule

Answer 28

Tube in the nephron that leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct.

Question 29

Renal vein

Answer 29

Blood vessel that transports blood away from the kidney

Question 30

Selective reabsorption

Answer 30

Reabsorption of some substances and not others in the renal tubules back into the blood stream

Question 31

Tubular secretion

Answer 31

Process where ions and drugs are secreted from the blood and into the nephron tubule. Hydrogen ions, potassium ions and drugs like penicillin.

Question 32

Ureter

Answer 32

Tube that leaves each kidney and drains into the urinary bladder.

Question 33

Urinary system - composition and responsible for

Answer 33

Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. Responsible for the secretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume, pH and conc. of other chemicals

Question 34

Urine

Answer 34

Fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials. Main materials in the urine are water urea, uric acid creatinine and salts

Question 35

Function excretory organ - lungs

Answer 35

Excreted carbon dioxide that is a waste product produced from cellular respiration

Question 36

Function excretory organ - liver

Answer 36

Important role in processing many substances so they can be excreted

Question 37

Function excretory organ - skin

Answer 37

secreted sweat which contains the by products of metabolism like salts, urea and lactic acid

Question 38

Substances that dont pass through the glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 38

Erythrocytes, leucocytes, large proteins