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Human bio definitions > Chapter 5 - circulatory system > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Arteriole

A

Very small artery

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3
Q

Atrium

A

Chamber in the top of the heart

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4
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Valves within the heart that ensure the blood flows through in one direction only. Examples are the tricuspid valve (right side of the heart) and the bicuspid value (left side of the hear)t

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5
Q

Biconcave

A

Shape of RBC, concave on both sides, dipping inwards at the centre.

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6
Q

Blood clotting
forms due to

A

Formation of a blood clot, also known as coagulation. clotting factors turn soluble threads of fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin. The threads build up at the platelet plug, holding the clot in place.

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7
Q

Capillary

A

Microscopic blood vessel that links arterioles and venules

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8
Q

Carbaminohaemoglobin

A

Molecule resulting from combination of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin

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9
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Cycle of events that occurs in one complete heartbeat

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Muscle that forms the wall of the heart

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11
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Tendon like structures that connect papillary muscle to valves

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12
Q

Circulation

A

Movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

Circulatory system

A

Body’s transport system, consisting of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph and lymph vessels

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14
Q

Clot

A

Blood cells, platelets and plasma trapped together in a mesh of fibrin

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15
Q

Clot retraction

A

Threads of fibrin (are formed in coagulation) become denser and stronger and pull the damaged blood vessel together.

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16
Q

Clotting factors

A

Special proteins in blood plasma that allow blood to clot by turning fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin

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17
Q

Coagulation

A

Formation of a blood clot. Clotting factors turn fibrinogen (soluble) into insoluble threads of fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh sticking to damaged blood vessels and holding the clot in position.

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18
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Blood that contains little oxygen

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19
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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20
Q

Fibrin holds

A

Insoluble protein that forms blood clots by holding blood cells, platelets and plasma together in a mesh

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21
Q

Haemoglobin

A

Pigment in red blood cells, involved in transport of oxygen and some carbon dioxide through the body

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22
Q

Heart

A

Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood

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23
Q

Inferior vena cava
deposits blood to the

A

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from lower body to the right atrium

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24
Q

Intercellular fluid

A

Fluid between cells also called tissue fluid

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25
Leukocytes
White blood cells
26
Metabolic wastes
Substances produced by cells that cannot be used and that would be harmful if allowed to accumulate. Lactic acid, carbon dioxide.
27
Oxygenated blood
Blood containing a lot of oxygen
28
Oxyhaemoglobin
Oxygen combined with hemoglobin
29
Papillary muscles
Muscles in the ventricles of the heart that anchor the valves to ventricular walls
30
Pericardium
Membrane that encloses the heart. Made of connective tissue
31
Platelet
Cell fragments. Called thrombocytes, no nucleus
32
Pulmonary vein
Vein that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium .
33
Red blood cell
One of elements in the blood, contains hemoglobin. Called erythrocytes
34
Semilunar valve
Valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles. Left side is aortic and right side is pulmonary
35
Septum
Divided tissue part between left and right side of the heart
36
Vasoconstriction
Decrease in diametre of blood vessels, restricts the flow of blood
37
Vasodilation
Increase in diametre of blood vessels, increases flow of blood
38
Vein
Blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart
39
Ventricles
Bottom chambers of the heart
40
Venule
A small vein
41
White blood cell
Contains a nucleus but no haemoglobin
42
ABO blood group system
method of classifying blood types according to the antigens on the surface of the red blood cells
43
Agglutination
Clumping together of blood cells in response to the presence of antibodies that recognise antigens on the RBC as non-self. Happens when incorrect blood transfusion
44
Alveoli
Air sacs in the lungs
45
Antibody
substance produced in response to a specific antigen. Combines with antigen to neutralize or destroy it.
46
Antigen
Any substance capable of causing the formation of antibodies when introduced.
47
Immunoglobulins
proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens - antibodies are a type of immunoglobulins
48
Lymph comes from
Colourless fluid that circulates through the lymphatic vessels before returning to the blood. Comes from the collection of fluid that has escaped from the blood capilaries
49
Lymphatic system
Large vessel that collects lymph from the lymph capillaries, join to eventually return lymph to the blood.
50
Lymphatic system
System of vessels that drains excess fluid from the tissues
51
Plasma
Fluid part of the blood which cells are suspended
52
Rh blood group system
Method of classifying blood types according to their posession of the Rh antigen. Rh positive posesses Rh antigen. Cannot produce anti-Rh antibody. Rh negative, does not posess Rh antigen - will produce Rh antibody that will react against Rh antigens.
53
Superior vena cava
Large vein taking blood from the top of the body to the right atrium
54
Transfusion
The transfer of blood or of some components of blood, into the circulation of a person
55
Pathogens
Microorganisms that can cause infection
56
Process of the formation of a blood clot in response to tear in blood vessel
Vasoconstriction Platelet plug Coagulation Clot retraction
57
pericardium - 2 functions
Double wall sac that surrounds and protects the heart. Maintains the position of the heart within the cavity and acts as lubrication which reduces friction during cardiac contractions
58
Interventricular septum
Separates left and right ventricles so blood does not mix
59
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as
- 8% dissolved in plasma as CO2 - 22% bonded to haemoglobin protein where it is transported in the blood as carbaminohaemoglobin - 70% transported as bicarbonate ions
60
Oxygen is transported in the blood as
- 97% oxyhaemoglobin - 3% dissolved in plasma
61
Blood vessel in the heart that has highest blood pressure
aorta
62
Blood vessel in the heart that carries oxygenated blood to heart
Pulmonary vein
63
Blood vessel in the heart that joins ventricles of the heart to capillaries of lungs
pulmonary artery
64
Blood vessel in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body
vena cava
65
Right side of the heart has xx blood
deoxygenated
66
Left ride of heart has xx blood
Oxygenated
67
Red blood cells are suited to their function of oxygen transport
- Bi concave shape maximises SA/Vol ratio - No nucleus so has more capacity for haemoglobin molecules - Packed with haemoglobin molecules which combine with oxygen
68
Nutrients transported in the blood
Are dissolved in blood plasma. Ions like potassium, sodium and calcium, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol
69
Wastes transported in the blood
Are metabolic wastes that are produced by the cells that cannot be used and would be harmful if allowed to accumulate - urea - creatinine - uric acid
70
percentage plasma in blood
55
71
percentage of white blood cells and platelets in blood
4
72
percentage red blood cells in blood
41
73
Smooth muscle in arteries
capable to change the size of the lumen. which changes the volume of blood.
74
elastic tissue in arteries
can stretch/recoil in changes to the blood volume being pumped so can maintain a steady blood flow.

Human bio definitions (15 decks)

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