CHAPTER 7 (Metabolic & Congenital Disorder)

Question 1

in swine can be caused by a sudden increase in calcium demand during farrowing and lactation.

Answer 1

Hypocalcemia (Milk fever)

Question 2

Affected sows may show muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness, or lie down and be unable to rise.

A key sign is poor milk letdown, which causes starvation in piglets. In severe cases, the sow may become comatose or die.

Answer 2

Hypocalcemia (Milk fever)

Question 3

is commonly used; it quickly raises blood calcium levels and relieves symptoms for Hypocalcemia

Answer 3

Calcium gluconate

Question 4

is the most effective treatment of Hypocalcemia

Answer 4

Intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) calcium

Question 5

Preventive measures of Hypocalcemia

Answer 5

1. Balance Diet
2. Avoid excessive calcium during late pregnancy
3. Adequate level of vitamin D in the diet

Question 6

Etiology:
* Congenital defect (born without an anal opening)
* Likely caused by genetic mutation or embryological
development failure

Answer 6

Atresia Ani

Question 7

Management of Atresia ani disorder

Answer 7

1. Surgical correction
2. Euthanasia

Question 8

Etiology:
* Congenital condition in newborn piglets, where hind legs (and
sometimes front legs) cannot support the body
* Caused by immature muscle development, genetics, slippery
floors, or choline/vitamin deficiency in sows

Answer 8

Splay Leg (Spraddle Leg)

Question 9

Management of splay leg piglets

Answer 9

1. Taping legs together
2. Non-slip flooring
3. Cull chronic or severe cases

Question 10

Etiology:
* Congenital defect where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.
* Strong hereditary component.

Answer 10

Cryptorchidism

Question 10

Type of Cryptorchidism were only one testicle is undescended

Answer 10

Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Question 11

Type of Cryptorchidism were both testicle is undescended

Answer 11

Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Question 12

Type of Cryptorchidism were testicle is stuck in the inguinal canal

Answer 12

Inguinal Cryptorchidism

Question 13

Type of Cryptorchidism were testicle remains in the abdomen.

Answer 13

Abdominal Cryptorchidism