Chapter 7 Part 3

Question 1

• are a group of toxic compounds produced by certain molds, particularly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which commonly grow on grains and feeds under warm and humid conditions.

Answer 1

AFLATOXIN

Question 2

These toxins are a serious concern in animal feed because of their harmful effects on animal health, productivity, and food safety for humans through residues in meat, milk, and eggs.

Answer 2

AFLATOXIN

Question 3

• also known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin produced by certain species of the fungus Fusarium.

Answer 3

DE0XYNIVALENOL (DON)

Question 4

*is a mycotoxin—a toxic secondary metabolite— produced mainly by Fusarium fungi (especially Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum), which commonly contaminate cereal grains used in animal feeds.

Answer 4

ZEARALENONE (ZEN)

Question 5

• are two significant mycotoxins found in animal feeds.

Answer 5

OCHRATOXIN AND CITRININ

Question 6

• also known as prussic acid, is a highly toxic compound that can be present in animal feeds, particularly from certain plants.

Answer 6

HYROCYANIC ACID (HCN)

Question 7

*is a naturally occurring glycoalkaloid toxin primarily found in plants of the Solanaceae family, like potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants

Answer 7

SOLANINE

Question 8

*is a toxic, non-protein amino acid found primarily in the Leucaena leucocephala plant (also called leucaena), which is often used in tropical and subtropical regions as a forage crop or feed ingredient for livestock due to its high protein
content.

Answer 8

MIMOSINE

Question 9

is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in cotton plants (Gossypium spp.), particularly in cottonseed.

Answer 9

GOSSYPOL

Question 10

It’s a yellow pigment and serves as a natural defense mechanism against pests.

Answer 10

Gossypol

Question 11

are substances that disrupt the normal function of the thyroid gland by interfering with iodine uptake, which is essential for the production of thyroid hormones.

Answer 11

GOITROGEN

Question 12

• is a form of phosphorus that is commonly found particularly in seeds, grains, and legumes

Answer 12

PHYTIC ACID

Question 13

compounds, are a group of chemicals found in certain plants and foods that can release cyanide, a toxic substance, when metabolized.

Answer 13

Cyanogens, or cyanogenic

Question 14

• are polyphenolic compounds found in various plants, including many types of feed ingredients such as legumes, tree leaves, and certain grains.

Answer 14

TANNINS

Question 15

• Simple & easy method of determining the correct proportion of two feed ingredients or two feed groups to obtain a desired level of protein

Answer 15

PEARSON SQUARE

Question 16

This method is not so efficient because it is only two feedstuff.

Answer 16

PEARSON SQUARE

Question 17

• Method used when there are several feedstuff available to mix.

Answer 17

TRIAL AND ERROR METHOD