Chapter 7 Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route
A
inhalation
2
Q
Into the bone; a medication delivery route
A
intraosseous (IO)
3
Q
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.
A
enteral medications
4
Q
Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route
A
subcutaneous (SC) injection
5
Q
The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its “trade names”); the name is not capitalized.
A
generic name
6
Q
A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing arteries to dilate; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.
A
nitrogylcerin
7
Q
Medication that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician’s order.
A
prescription medications
8
Q
A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without it.
A
oxygen
9
Q
A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.
A
oral glucose
10
Q
By mouth; a medication delivery route.
A
oral
11
Q
An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route.
A
intravenous (IV) injection
12
Q
A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.
A
suspension
13
Q
A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris.
A
intranasal (IN)
14
Q
A substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction.
A
epinephrine
15
Q
The process by which medication works on the body.
A
pharmacodynamics
16
Q
A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.
A
solution
17
Q
When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication.
A
patient-assisted medication
18
Q
Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient.
A
unintended effects
19
Q
Actions that can be harmful to the patient.
A
untoward effects
20
Q
Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.
A
sublingual (SL)
21
Q
The process of binding or sticking to a surface.
A
adsorption
22
Q
A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.
A
antagonist
23
Q
An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.
A
intramuscular (IM) injection
24
Q
A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.
A
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
25
A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping).
aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid or ASA)
26
Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.
per rectum (PR)
27
The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.
indications
28
Through the skin; a medication delivery route.
transcutaneous (transdermal)
29
The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient's size and age.
dose
30
Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate; for example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help or may actually harm a patient.
contraindications
31
When the EMT administers medication to him or herself or to a partner.
peer-assisted medication
32
Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.
topical medications
33
Through the mouth; a medication delivery route.
per os (PO)
34
A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.
agonist
35
Medications that may be purchased by a patient without a prescription.
over-the-counter (OTC) medications
36
A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.
medication
37
A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in a capsule form or through plastic tubes.
gel
38
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.
absorption
39
The study of the properties and effects of medications.
pharmacology
40
Any effects of medication other than the desired ones.
side effects
41
The effect that a medication is expected to have on the body.
intended effect
42
A condition characterized by a low blood glucose level
hypoglycemia
43
Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes.
parenteral medications
44
A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril.
mucosal atomizer device (MAD)
45
The therapeutic effect of medication on the body.
action
46
When the EMT directly administers the medication to the patient.
EMT-administered medication
47
An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. It is carried on the EMS unit.
activated charcoal
48
The simultaneous use of multiple medications as typically seen in elderly people.
polypharmacy
49
The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.
trade name
50
Activated Charcoal: Administration
EMT-administered
51
Activated Charcoal: Indications
oral ingestion of toxic substances
52
Activated Charcoal: Contraindications
ingestion of caustics or hydrocarbons, decreased LOC, unstable airway
53
Activated Charcoal: Side Effects
Nausea & Vomiting, Dark tarry stool
54
Activated Charcoal: Action
Adsorbs toxic substances in the digestive tract
55
Activated Charcoal: Route
PO (by mouth)
56
Activated Charcoal: Adult dose
1 gram per kilogram (1g/kg)
57
Nitroglycerin: Administration
patient-assisted
58
Nitroglycerin: Action
dilates blood vessels
59
Nitroglycerin: Indications
chest pain due to myocardial infarction or angina
60
Nitroglycerin: Contraindications
hypotension, drugs taken for erectile dysfunction within the last 24 hours
61
Nitroglycerin: Routes
sublingual: spray or tablet
62
Nitroglycerin: Side Effects
headache, burning under tongue, hypotension, nausea
63
Nitroglycerin: Dose
.4 mg tablet or spray (x3)
64
Oral Glucose: Administration
EMT-administered
65
Oral Glucose: Action
provides glucose for the cells
66
Oral Glucose: Indications
low blood glucose (hypoglycemia)
67
Oral Glucose: Contraindications
decreases level of consciousness, nausea & vomiting
68
Oral Glucose: Routes
PO (buccal)
69
Oral Glucose: Side Effects
nausea & vomiting
70
Oral Glucose: Dose
½ to 1 tube
71
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Administration
EMT administered
72
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Trade Name
Bayer
73
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Action
prevents platelets from clumping, thereby decreasing formation of new clots. anti pyretic and anti-inflammatory.
74
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Indications
chest pain when considering myocardial infarction
75
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Contraindications
hypersensitivity, bleeding disorders
76
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Routes
PO (by mouth)
77
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Side Effects
nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions
78
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): Adult Dose
160-354 mg (2-4 81mg chewable tablets)
79
Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Administration
EMT-administered
80
Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Actions
stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
81
Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Indications
severe allergic reaction
82
Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Contraindications
myocardial infarction, hypothermia, hypertension
83
Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Route
Intramuscular (auto-injector)
84
Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Side Effects
hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
85
Epinephrine (Epi-Pen): Adult Dose
1 auto-injector (Adult .30mg, Child .15mg)
86
Oxygen: Administration
EMT-administered
87
Oxygen: Action
reverses hypoxia, provides oxygen to be absorbed by lungs
88
Oxygen: Indications
hypoxia or suspected hypoxia
89
Oxygen: Contraindications
very rarely in patient with COPD. No open flames
90
Oxygen: Route
gas, inhalation
91
Oxygen: Side Effects
decreased respiratory effort in rare COPD patient
92
Oxygen: Adult Dose
via NRB: 10-15 Lpm; via BVM: 15 Lpm; via Nasal; 2-6 Lpm
93
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Trade names
Proventil, Ventolin, Albuterol
94
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Administration
patient-assisted
95
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Actions
stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation
96
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Indications
asthma/difficulty breathing with wheezing
97
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Contraindications
hypersensitivity, tachycardia, myocardial infarction
98
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Route
inhalation
99
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Side Effects
hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
100
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI): Adult Dose
1-2 inhalations. wait 5 minutes before repeating dose
101
Define: absorption
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.
102
Define: action
The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.
103
Define: activated charcoal
An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. Charcoal is ground into a very fine powder that provides the greatest possible surface area for binding medications that have been taken by mouth; it is carried on the EMS unit.
104
Define: adsorption
The process of binding or sticking to a surface.
105
Define: agonist
A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.
106
Define: antagonist
A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.
107
Define: aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)
A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and potent inhibitor or platelet aggregation (clumping).
108
Define: contraindications
Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate, for example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help or may actually harm a patient.
109
Define: dose
The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient's size and age.
110
Define: EMT-administered medication
When the EMT directly administers the medication to the patient.
111
Define: enteral medications
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.
112
Define: epinephrine
A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.
113
Define: gel
A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.
114
Define: generic name
The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its "trade names"); the name is not capitalized.
115
Define: hypoglycemia
An abnormally low blood glucose level.
116
Define: indications
The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.
117
Define: inhalation
Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route.
118
Define: intended effect
The effect that a medication is expected to have on the body.
119
Define: intramuscular (IM) injection
An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.
120
Define: intranasal (IN)
A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the nare.
121
Define: intraosseous (IO)
Into the bone; a medication delivery route.
122
Define: intravenous (IV) injection
An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route.
123
Define: medication
A chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.
124
Define: metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
A miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled.
125
Define: mucosal atomizer device (MAD)
A device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and pushes it into a nostril.
126
Define: nitrogylcerin
A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing arteries to dilate; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.
127
Define: oral
By mouth; a medication delivery route
128
Define: oral glucose
A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.
129
Define: over-the-counter (OTC) medications
Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription.
130
Define: oxygen
A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without oxygen.
131
Define: parenteral medications
Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes.
132
Define: patient-assisted medication
When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication.
133
Define: peer-assisted medication
When the EMT administers medication to him or herself or to a partner.
134
Define: per os (PO)
Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral.
135
Define: per rectum (PR)
Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.
136
Define: pharmacodynamics
The process by which a medication works on the body.
137
Define: pharmacology
The study of the properties and effects of medications.
138
Define: polypharmacy
The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.
139
Define: prescription medications
Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician's order.
140
Define: side effects
Any effects of a medication other than the desired ones.
141
Define: solution
A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.
142
Define: subcutaneous (SC) injection
Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.
143
Define: sublingual (SL)
Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.
144
Define: suspension
A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.
145
Define: topical medications
Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surace of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.
146
Define: trade name
The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.
147
Define: transcutaneous (transdermal)
Through the skin; a medication delivery route.
148
Define: unintended effect
Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient.
149
Define: untoward effects
Actions that can be harmful to the patient.
