Chapter 12 Medical Overview

Question 1

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually caused by a virus or bacterium

Answer 1

meningitis

Question 2

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing.

Answer 2

nature of illness (NOI)

Question 3

Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury.

Answer 3

index of suspicion

Question 4

Emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to a patient’s body.

Answer 4

trauma emergencies

Question 5

Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms.

Answer 5

severe acute respiratory syndroms (SARS)

Question 6

Virus caused by human herpesviruses 1 and 2, characterized by small blisters whose location depends on the type of virus. Type 2 results in blisters on the genital area, while type 1 results in blisters in nongenital areas.

Answer 6

herpes simplex virus

Question 7

The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease.

Answer 7

virulence

Question 8

A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brains and kidneys.

Answer 8

tuberculosis (TB)

Question 9

Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force.

Answer 9

medical emergencies

Question 10

A bacterium that causes infection in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; can be found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract.

Answer 10

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 11

The virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Answer 11

HIV

Question 12

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 12

Only when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream. E.g., via sexual contact or exposure to blood or body fluids.

Question 13

The initial infection with this disease produces a lesion called a chancre. Chancres are most commonly located in the genital region.

Answer 13

Syphilis

Question 14

How is syphilis transmitted?

Answer 14

Sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact

Question 15

Inflammation of the liver

Answer 15

Hepatitis

Question 16

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

Answer 16

Fecal-oral, infected food or drink

Question 17

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

Answer 17

Blood, sexual contact, saliva, urine, breast milk

Question 18

How is hepatitis C transmitted?

Answer 18

Blood, sexual contact

Question 19

How is hepatitis D transmitted?

Answer 19

Blood, sexual contact

Question 20

How is toxin-induced Hepatitis transmitted?

Answer 20

Inhalation, skin or mucous membrane exposure, oral ingestion, or intravenous administration

Question 21

What type of hepatitis is not contagious?

Answer 21

toxin-induced hepatitis

Question 22

Early signs of viral hepatitis?

Answer 22

Loss of appetite, vomiting, fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, and muscle and joint pain.

Question 23

Later signs of viral hepatitis?

Answer 23

Jaundice and RUQ pain

Question 24

Can be transmitted only from a patient who has an acute infection.

Answer 24

Hepatitis A

Question 25

Can be transmitted from long-term carriers who have no signs of illness.

Answer 25

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

Question 26

For which type(s) of hepatitis is there a vaccine available?

Answer 26

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B

Question 27

For which type(s) of hepatitis is no vaccine available?

Answer 27

Hepatitis C and hepatitis D

Question 28

For which type(s) of hepatitis is no treatment available?

Answer 28

Hepatitis A and hepatitis D

Question 29

For which type(s) of hepatitis is a minimally effective treatment available?

Answer 29

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 30

Fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status

Question 31

What personal protective equipment is effective in preventing contraction of meningitis?

Answer 31

gloves and a mask to prevent the patient's secretions from getting into your nose and mouth

Question 32

How is respiratory tuberculosis transmitted?

Answer 32

airborne transmission

Question 33

What PPE is required to prevent contamination of respiratory tuberculosis?

Answer 33

HEPA mask

Question 34

An airborne disease caused by bacteria that mostly affects children younger than 6 years.

Answer 34

Whooping cough

Question 35

Signs and symptoms of whooping cough?

Answer 35

Fever and a "whoop" sound that occurs when the patient tries to inhale after a coughing attack.

Question 36

The best way to prevent exposure to whooping cough.

Answer 36

Place a mask on the patient and on yourself.

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of MRSA?

Answer 37

Localized skin abscesses, and sepsis in older patients.

Question 38

How is MRSA transmitted in health care settings?

Answer 38

Patient to patient via unwashed hands of health care providers.

Question 39

How is hantavirus transmitted?

Answer 39

Through rodent urine and droppings

Question 40

How is West Nile Virus transmitted?

Answer 40

Mosquito