Chapter 8 Flashcards
The definition of theory
is an abstract generalization that explains how phenomena are interrelated.
What does a theory consist of?
2 or more concepts and a set of propositions that form a logically interrelated system, providing a mechanism for deducing hypotheses.
What are descriptive theories? What kind of article are they common in?
- account for and describe a phenomenon.
- inductive, observation-based abstractions.
- common to qualitative articles.
What is a grand theory?
explain large segments of the human experience, but they are not good for research
examples: Roy’s Adaptation Model, Transcultural Nursing, Nursing Process Theory, Theory of Human Becoming, Self-Care Theory, Modeling and Role Modeling Theory
What is a middle range theory?
focus on a phenomena like stress, comfort, and health promotion.
-more suitable for research as they are easier to test empirically.
who better for research- grand or middle range theory?
middle range theory
What is a conceptual model?
deals with abstractions or concepts that are assembled because of their relevance to a common theme.
-More loosely structured than theories.
who is more loosely structured- theory or conceptual model?
conceptual model
what things visually represent the relationships among phenomena
Schematic models or conceptual maps
what is a framework? when do we see it?
the conceptual underpinning of a study.
-implicit and not spelled out, especially for quantitative studies
- If a study is based on a theory it has a theoretical framework.
- If a conceptual model is the basis it is called a conceptual framework.
- If a study is based on a theory it has a _______ framework.
- If a conceptual model is the basis it is called a _______ framework.
- If a study is based on a theory it has a theoretical framework.
- If a conceptual model is the basis it is called a conceptual framework.
4 concepts central to nursing:
human beings, environment, health, and nursing.
[that last one seems redundant (^.^) ]
how are the four concepts of nursing defined?
Each MODEL (Grand or Middle range theory/models, etc.) defines each of the four terms differently.
Roy’s Adaptation Model defines nursing….
Human beings cope with environmental change through adaptation. The goal of nursing, according to this model, is to promote client adaptation. Nursing interventions usually take the form of increasing, decreasing, modifying, removing, or maintaining internal and external stimuli that affect adaptation.
List Middle range theories and models of concepts of nursing
Health Promotion Model, Uncertainty in Illness Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, Transtheoretical Model, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior
*note you do not need to know the specifics, just identify them as middle range
how do qualitative studies use theories?
attempt to avoid letting theories influence or bias their study and findings
phenomenologists are guided by a framework focused on ________
phenomenologists are guided by a framework focused on the person’s lived experience.
Ethnographers have a _______ framework focus.
Ethnographers have a cultural framework focus.
Grounded theory uses framework related to ________
Grounded theory uses framework related to sociological formulations.
How do quantitative researchers use theories?
Quantitative researchers will test a hypothesis from an existing theory
ex: using the health-belief model to motivate individuals with osteoporosis to eat a calcium enriched diet due to perceived benefits versus those who would not see a benefit from doing so.
Quantiative articles will always mention the theory or framework used: true or false
false
if a quantitive article uses a single intervention then….
it is possible an underlying theory is not needed, and the study results are still strong
Do you need a theoretical framework for a quantitative article with complex intervention?
-weakens the study but does not discount the findings
Having a framework means the article is good. True or flase
False
