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Child Development > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

rises during
middle childhood

A

myopia

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2
Q

Blank is lowest during this time

A

BMI

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3
Q

Increased/Decrease
in ability in fine motor skills

A

increase

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4
Q

Fine motor skills reach adult maturity
by end of

A

middle childhood

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5
Q

Drawing becomes more BLANK as fine motor development advances
during middle childhood.

A

realistic

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6
Q

Malnutrition after age 3 does not result in BLANK deficit

A

cognitive or behavioral deficit`

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7
Q

Damage to physical and cognitive
development accumulates

A

middle
childhood

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8
Q

Developed countries have over nutrition problems
Overweight: B M I over
Obesity: B M I over

A

18
21

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9
Q

diet, television viewing, & genetics

A

Increase in obesity

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10
Q

Some evidence of prenatal exposure to antibiotics during Blank also contributes to obesity

A

second & third
trimesters

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11
Q

Obesity can lead

A

Can lead to social and physical consequences for children

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12
Q

6-9

A

Middle Childhood

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13
Q

Death rates are lower than any other time period

A

Middle Childhood

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14
Q

Asthma is highest/lowest

A

highest

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15
Q

Asthma is highest among

A

African Americans

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16
Q

a parent smoking, living in poverty, and obesity

A

risk factors

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17
Q

Increase in developed countries could be due to

A

hygiene hypothesis

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18
Q

increase in developing countries could be due to

A

air pollution

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19
Q

Most common cause of injury are

A

automobile accidents & bicycle accidents

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20
Q

Child uses mental operations to organize and
manipulate information mentally

A

PIAGET’S
CONCRETE OPERATIONS STAGE

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21
Q

Can perform conservation
Can perform classification mentally

A

Advances in Concrete Operations
7-11

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22
Q

ability to arrange things in a logical order

A

Seriation

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23
Q

Training & instruction can teach children

A

under age 7

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24
Q

Children capable of performing some tasks at an
earlier age than Piaget claimed; believed it had to occur naturally as part of
interaction with

A

environment

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25
Information Processing in Middle Childhood
attention memory executive function
26
Children with difficulty maintaining attention may have
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A D H D)
27
Children become more capable of selective attention-focusing only on
relevant information
28
Boys are over BLANK as likely to be diagnosed
twice
29
increased use of mnemonics
rehearsal organization elaboration
30
Understanding of how memory works increases
metamemory
31
Problem-solving skills requires impulse control, focus & flexibility
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
32
evaluation of cognitive abilities with intelligence tests
Psychometric approach
33
Most widely used Examines individual differences in cognitive development
Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (W I S C)
34
Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (W I S C) ages ?
6 to 16
35
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (W P P S I)
3-7
36
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (W A I S)
16+
37
Uses BLANK indexes to provide an intelligence quotient (I Q) score and compare to median score of same ages
5
38
Tests nine types of intelligence Standard intelligence tests only evaluate two: linguistic & logical-mathematical intelligence Schools should give attention to all nine intelligences
GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
39
triarchic theory of intelligence
Sternberg’s Theory
40
After formal schooling, vocabulary
expand greatly
41
awareness of underlying structure of language
metalinguistic skills
42
More likely to believe education success due to innate ability More likely to see academic achievement as individual success
United States
43
Schools tend to reflect the collectivistic cultural beliefs Children help maintain order and wear uniforms
Asian countries
44
Children spend more time learning academic subjects School day and school year are longer
Asian countries
45
from simple phonics to longer sentences and structures Most effective when first leading to read
Phonics approach
46
focus on meaning of written language
Whole-language approach
47
Even nonhumans have some numeracy
understanding of numbers
48
difficulty sounding out letters & spelling words
DYSLEXIA
49
difficulty processing numbers
DYSCALCULIA
50
Government mandates that special needs children receive an
individual education plan (I E P)
51
EMOTIONAL SELF- REGULATION
Experience Sampling Method (E S M)
52
Interdependent self encourages importance of group
Individualistic cultures
53
Cultural variations in self-esteem influence parenting approaches
Collectivist cultures
54
How we view and evaluate ourselves
self-concept
55
Overall sense of worth and well being
self esteem
56
Gender roles defined by difference in daily activities of men and women Gender-specific personality traits also socialized to enhance work performance Men independent and tough Women nurturing and compliant
Traditional cultures
57
Gender attitudes and behavior become more stereotyped See personality traits and occupations as feminine or masculine Play groups become more gender-segregated Differing gender self-perceptions emerge
modern cultures
58
CHILDREN’S RESPONSE TO DIVORCE/SEPARATION impulsive and conflicts with family
Externalizing behavior
59
, CHILDREN’S RESPONSE TO DIVORCE/SEPARATION depression, anxiety, phobias, and sleep disturbances
Internalizing problems
60
Disruption of family systems Perception of stepfathers interfering Children may resent stepfathers
Children's response to remarriage
61
Main basis for friendship is
similarity
62
prefer being around others like ourselves (Includes gender, sociability, aggression, and academic orientation)
selective association
63
curriculum to improve social information processing and reduce aggressive behavior
P A T H S (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies)
64
about BLANK million children employed worldwide
73rt
65
what most I Q tests measure
Analytical intelligence
66
combine information in new ways
Creative intelligence
67
apply information to everyday problems
Practical intelligence
68
curriculum to improve social information processing and reduce aggressive behavior
P A T H S (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies
69

Child Development (7 decks)

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