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Child Development > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

rises during
middle childhood

A

myopia

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2
Q

Blank is lowest during this time

A

BMI

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3
Q

Increased/Decrease
in ability in fine motor skills

A

increase

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4
Q

Fine motor skills reach adult maturity
by end of

A

middle childhood

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5
Q

Drawing becomes more BLANK as fine motor development advances
during middle childhood.

A

realistic

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6
Q

Malnutrition after age 3 does not result in BLANK deficit

A

cognitive or behavioral deficit`

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7
Q

Damage to physical and cognitive
development accumulates

A

middle
childhood

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8
Q

Developed countries have over nutrition problems
Overweight: B M I over
Obesity: B M I over

A

18
21

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9
Q

diet, television viewing, & genetics

A

Increase in obesity

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10
Q

Some evidence of prenatal exposure to antibiotics during Blank also contributes to obesity

A

second & third
trimesters

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11
Q

Obesity can lead

A

Can lead to social and physical consequences for children

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12
Q

6-9

A

Middle Childhood

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13
Q

Death rates are lower than any other time period

A

Middle Childhood

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14
Q

Asthma is highest/lowest

A

highest

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15
Q

Asthma is highest among

A

African Americans

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16
Q

a parent smoking, living in poverty, and obesity

A

risk factors

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17
Q

Increase in developed countries could be due to

A

hygiene hypothesis

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18
Q

increase in developing countries could be due to

A

air pollution

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19
Q

Most common cause of injury are

A

automobile accidents & bicycle accidents

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20
Q

Child uses mental operations to organize and
manipulate information mentally

A

PIAGET’S
CONCRETE OPERATIONS STAGE

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21
Q

Can perform conservation
Can perform classification mentally

A

Advances in Concrete Operations
7-11

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22
Q

ability to arrange things in a logical order

A

Seriation

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23
Q

Training & instruction can teach children

A

under age 7

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24
Q

Children capable of performing some tasks at an
earlier age than Piaget claimed; believed it had to occur naturally as part of
interaction with

A

environment

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25
Q

Information Processing in Middle Childhood

A

attention
memory
executive function

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26
Q

Children with difficulty maintaining attention may have

A

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A D H D)

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27
Q

Children become more capable of selective attention-focusing only on

A

relevant information

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28
Q

Boys are over BLANK as likely to be diagnosed

A

twice

29
Q

increased use of mnemonics

A

rehearsal
organization
elaboration

30
Q

Understanding of how memory works increases

A

metamemory

31
Q

Problem-solving skills
requires impulse control, focus & flexibility

A

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

32
Q

evaluation of cognitive abilities with intelligence tests

A

Psychometric approach

33
Q

Most widely used Examines individual differences in cognitive development

A

Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children and Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale (W I S C)

34
Q

Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children and Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale (W I S C) ages ?

A

6 to 16

35
Q

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (W P P S I)

A

3-7

36
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (W A I S)

A

16+

37
Q

Uses BLANK indexes to provide an intelligence quotient (I Q) score and compare
to median score of same ages

A

5

38
Q

Tests nine types of intelligence
Standard intelligence tests only evaluate two: linguistic & logical-mathematical intelligence
Schools should give attention to all nine intelligences

A

GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

39
Q

triarchic theory of intelligence

A

Sternberg’s Theory

40
Q

After formal schooling, vocabulary

A

expand greatly

41
Q

awareness of underlying
structure of language

A

metalinguistic skills

42
Q

More likely to believe education success due to innate ability
More likely to see academic achievement as individual success

A

United States

43
Q

Schools tend to reflect the collectivistic cultural beliefs
Children help maintain order and wear uniforms

A

Asian countries

44
Q

Children spend more time learning academic subjects
School day and school year are longer

A

Asian countries

45
Q

from simple phonics to longer sentences and structures
Most effective when first leading to read

A

Phonics approach

46
Q

focus on meaning of written language

A

Whole-language approach

47
Q

Even nonhumans have some numeracy

A

understanding of numbers

48
Q

difficulty sounding out letters & spelling words

A

DYSLEXIA

49
Q

difficulty processing numbers

A

DYSCALCULIA

50
Q

Government mandates that special needs children receive an

A

individual education plan (I E P)

51
Q

EMOTIONAL SELF-
REGULATION

A

Experience Sampling Method (E S M)

52
Q

Interdependent self encourages
importance of group

A

Individualistic cultures

53
Q

Cultural variations in self-esteem
influence parenting approaches

A

Collectivist cultures

54
Q

How we view and evaluate ourselves

A

self-concept

55
Q

Overall sense of worth and well being

A

self esteem

56
Q

Gender roles defined by difference in daily activities of men and women
Gender-specific personality traits also socialized to enhance work performance
Men independent and tough
Women nurturing and compliant

A

Traditional cultures

57
Q

Gender attitudes and behavior become more stereotyped
See personality traits and occupations as feminine or masculine
Play groups become more gender-segregated
Differing gender self-perceptions emerge

A

modern cultures

58
Q

CHILDREN’S RESPONSE TO DIVORCE/SEPARATION
impulsive and conflicts with family

A

Externalizing behavior

59
Q

, CHILDREN’S RESPONSE TO DIVORCE/SEPARATION
depression, anxiety, phobias, and sleep disturbances

A

Internalizing problems

60
Q

Disruption of family systems
Perception of stepfathers interfering
Children may resent stepfathers

A

Children’s response to remarriage

61
Q

Main basis for friendship is

A

similarity

62
Q

prefer being
around others like ourselves
(Includes gender, sociability,
aggression, and academic
orientation)

A

selective association

63
Q

curriculum to improve
social information processing and reduce aggressive behavior

A

P A T H S (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies)

64
Q

about BLANK million children employed worldwide

A

73rt

65
Q

what most I Q tests measure

A

Analytical intelligence

66
Q

combine information in new ways

A

Creative intelligence

67
Q

apply information to everyday
problems

A

Practical intelligence

68
Q

curriculum to improve
social information processing and reduce aggressive behavior

A

P A T H S (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies

69
Q
A

Child Development (7 decks)

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